Description of the sport handball. Which country is recognized as the birthplace of handball? History of the origin and development of the game. What properties should a handball uniform have?

The roots of handball go back to ancient times: references to the “progenitors” of this sport - ancient games with a ball with hands - exist in Homer’s Odyssey and in the works of the ancient Roman physician Galenus. In the Middle Ages, Walter von der Vogelweide dedicated his poems to similar games.

Handball in its current form was invented by Danish football players at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries as a replacement for football to play in the winter. The difference between handball and football was that it was played with hands, and each team consisted of 6 players and a goalkeeper.

The date of origin of the sports game with a ball, registered in the international sports classification under the name “handball” (hand ball), is considered to be 1898 the year when a physical education teacher at a real school in the Danish city of Ordrup, Holger Nielsen, introduced a ball game called “haandbold” (“hond” - hand and “bold” - ball) into the physical education lessons of women’s groups, in which teams from 7 people passing the ball to each other and trying to throw it into the goal.

Research conducted in recent years gives grounds to attribute the birth of handball to an earlier period. IN 1890 In 2006, a folk version of the ball game, called “hazena” (throw, throw), became widespread in the Czech Republic. The game was reduced to unregulated throwing and catching of the ball in mixed groups without combat. IN 1917 In 2010, Berliner Max Heiser composed a new game for women called “handball” from two games. No one imagined that this game would become so widespread throughout the world.

IN 1918 year, two opposing currents of the game were clearly identified on the international sports map: Czech hazen (in the east) and German handball (in the north and west). Already in 1920 The first games for the Cup and the German Handball Championship took place in Berlin. And in 1923 new competition rules were introduced. Reducing the size of the ball, introducing the rule of “three seconds” and “three steps” significantly contributed to the improvement of playing technique. IN 1925 The first international meeting between the German team and the Austrian team took place. Germany lost with a score of 5:6.

Recognition of handball in 1926 year, an international sport gave impetus to the development of the game in a number of countries. Clubs cultivating handball appeared in Luxembourg and Switzerland, Spain and other countries. IN 1928 The International Amateur Handball Federation (IAHF) was created in Amsterdam and operated until 1944 of the year. It included 11 countries that actively developed handball. IN 1936 handball was included in the Olympic program for the first time. He made his debut at the XI Olympics in Berlin, where the German team became the winner. During those games, the IV IAHF Congress took place, which decided to hold the World Handball Championships in 7x7 and 11x11 formats (based on the number of players). The championships were initially to be held with the participation of only men's teams. IN 1938 German athletes won the world championship in Germany this year.

A new upsurge in the development of handball began with the creation of 1946 year of the new International Handball Federation - IHF (IHF). She approved a program of action aimed at reviving world handball and planned the holding of the World Handball Championships in the 11x11 format with the participation of men's and women's teams. IN 1949 At the Women's World Championships in Budapest this year, the Hungarian team became the strongest.

Subsequently, world championships were held every four years. In total, 7 men's and 3 women's handball championships were held in the 11x11 format. IN 1966 In 2009, the seventh and last 11x11 World Handball Championship took place, which ceased to exist as an international game, thereby giving 7x7 handball the opportunity to develop. IN 1954 The World Handball Championship in this format among men's teams took place in Sweden this year. The Swedes won, and the women held the first 7x7 handball championship in 1957 year in Yugoslavia. The Czechoslovakian team won first place.

Handball in its current form was returned to the Olympic program only in 1972 year at the XX Olympic Games in Munich. The competition was held indoors, men's teams took part in them, and the handball players of Yugoslavia won. Women's handball was included in the program of the XXI Olympic Games for the first time in 1976 year in Montreal. The brilliant performance of the USSR women's team in Montreal, secured by winning gold medals at the next Olympics in Moscow, strengthened the position of the Soviet school of play in the international arena.

The emergence of domestic handball dates back to the beginning of the twentieth century. This sport first appeared in the USSR in Kharkov in 1909 year. The ancestor of Ukrainian handball was the Czech game “hazena”, which was cultivated in the Sokol society as a gymnastic game. The decisive contribution to the development of handball in pre-revolutionary Russia belongs to Dr. E. F. Maly, who 1914 year completed work on creating a highly mobile and effective game with the ball and developed the first official rules of Ukrainian handball in our country.

According to these rules, the game was played by a team of 7 players on a 45x25 m court, divided into three zones: defense, central field and attack. The goalkeeper's area was limited by the line of shots on goal from 4 m, making up a rectangle of 4x8 m. The ball was thrown into a goal 200 cm wide and 225 cm high. The game lasted two halves of 30 minutes. The basic elements of Ukrainian handball became an important part of the international rules of the game, developed 20 years after the publication of the rules by E. F. Mala. Ukrainian handball was the world's first complete version of the sport-oriented game. The first official game of Soviet handball teams took place in 1910 year in Kharkov, and in 1918 In the same year, a “handball league” was organized there.

The first reliable information about the beginning of the development of handball and handball in the USSR dates back to 1922 year (then they played handball 11x11). The first meetings took place in Moscow at the experimental demonstration sites of Vsevobuch. The initiator was M. S. Kozlov, the founder of the department of sports games at the State Center for Physical Education and Physical Education. The game with 11 players was called "handball". It was mainly distributed in the RSFSR, and the game with 7 players was called handball. IN 1928 In 2006, handball was included in the program of the First All-Union Spartakiad, but its debut was considered unsuccessful and interest in the game decreased.

An active revival of the game began in 1946 year. IN 1948 New rules of the game were approved, which assigned the name “handball 7x7” to handball. The USSR Handball Federation was also named in accordance with the Russian name. Since then, a discrepancy between the terms has arisen: handball players play a handball.

The first all-Union competitions of national men's and women's teams of USSR cities in 11x11 handball took place in Riga in 1955 year. Among the women, the winners were students from Kyiv, and among the men, the winners were from Riga. Since 1956 By 1961 During the year, six USSR 11x11 handball championships were held, which played a certain role in the development of the game. Then it became obvious that the game was losing its position in the country and abroad, and the federation decided to discontinue the USSR 11x11 handball championships. WITH 1962 The USSR championships are held only in 7x7 handball.

The men's national team of the Soviet Union entered the international arena in 1960 year, women's 1962 year. The first great successes came to our teams after a decade and a half. The women's team became the winner at the world championships 1982 of the year (Hungary), 1986 year (Holland), 1990 year (South Korea), was a champion at the XXI and XXII Olympics, won silver awards at the XXIV and XXV Olympic Games. She won the world championships under the Russian flag 2001 of the year (Italy), 2005 of the year (Russia), 2007 year (France) and 2009 year (China). This team was recognized as the best team by the Academy of Outstanding Sports Achievements "SLAVA" 2005 And 2007 years in Russia. And in 2016 year she reached the highest point in modern sports - she became the champion of the Olympic Games, winning gold medals in Rio de Janeiro.

The path to recognition of men's handball was more difficult. Our team won silver medals at the world championships 1978 And 1990 years and the XXII Olympic Games. Became the owner of gold medals at the world championships 1982 And 1992 years. Won the title of champion of the XXI, XXIV, XXV Olympics. In the Olympic Games 1984 our teams did not take part in the year, and in 1992 year they performed as a united CIS team.

The debut of women's handball at the Olympic Games took place later than men's - in 1976 year, in Montreal, Canada, where 6 teams competed for awards, as well as later in Moscow ( 1980 ) and Los Angeles ( 1984 ). In Seoul-88, Barcelona-92 and Atlanta-96, 8 teams each competed. In Sydney, Australia 2000 year and Athens in 2004 The women's handball tournament consisted of 10 teams. A October 29, 2005 The executive committee of the International Olympic Committee at a meeting in Lausanne, Switzerland, approved the increase in women's teams at the Olympic Games - 2008 in Pekin. Thus, in the Chinese capital, the same number of teams took part in both tournaments - men's and women's - 12 each. At the same time, the Russian women's team, having made it to the Olympics for the first time in its history, won silver medals, and eight years later in Brazil achieved its greatest success — won the 2016 Games in Rio de Janeiro.

Since the inclusion of handball in the Olympic Games program, its popularity in the world has increased dramatically. Changes to the rules of the game establish International Handball Federation (IHF). In Europe, the main governing body is European Handball Federation (EHF). Currently, handball is deservedly considered a dynamic, spectacular and athletic game, equally popular among men and women.

Handball, in its current form, was invented Danish football players at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries - as a replacement for football, for playing in the winter. Handball is played with your hands, and each team consists of only 6 players and a goalkeeper.
The roots of handball go back to ancient times: we find references to the “progenitors” of this sport - ancient games with a ball with hands - in Homer's Odyssey and in the works of the ancient Roman physician K. Galenus. In the Middle Ages, Walter von der Vogelweide dedicated his poems to similar games.
The date of origin of the sports game with a ball, registered in the international sports classification under the name “handball” (hand ball), is considered to be 1898, when a physical education teacher at a real school in the Danish city of Ordrup, Holger Nielsen, introduced a ball game called “haandbold” (“haand” - hand and “bold” - ball) into the physical education lessons of women’s groups, in which teams of 7 competed on a small field people passing the ball to each other and trying to throw it into the goal.

Research conducted in recent years gives grounds to attribute the birth of handball to an earlier period. In 1890 Czech Republic A folk version of the ball game, called “khazena” (throw, throw), is becoming widespread. The game was reduced to unregulated throwing and catching of the ball in mixed groups without combat.
In 1917, Berliner Max Heiser composed a new game for women called “handball” from two games. No one imagined that this game would become so widespread throughout the world.
In 1918, two opposing currents of the game were clearly identified on the international sports map: Czech hazen (in the east) and German handball (in the north and west).
Already in 1920, the first games for the Cup and German Handball Championship. And in 1923, new competition rules were introduced. Reducing the size of the ball, introducing the rule of “three seconds” and “three steps” significantly contributed to the improvement of playing technique. In 1925, the first international meeting between Germany and the Austrian team took place. Germany lost with a score of 5:6.
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The recognition of handball as an international sport in 1926 gave impetus to the development of the game in a number of countries. Clubs cultivating handball appeared in Luxembourg and Switzerland, Spain and other countries.
In 1928, the International Amateur Handball Federation (IAHF) was created in Amsterdam, which operated until 1944. It included 11 countries that actively developed handball. In 1936, handball was first included in the Olympic program of the XI Olympiad in Berlin. The German team became the Olympic winner.

During the Olympic Games, the IV Congress of the IAHF was held, which decided to hold the 7x7 and 11x11 world handball championships. The championships were to be held with the participation of only men's teams at first. In 1938, German athletes won the world championship in Germany.
A new upsurge in the development of handball began with the creation in 1946 of a new international handball federation - the IHF. The IHF approved an action program aimed at reviving world handball and scheduled the holding of the 11x11 World Handball Championships with the participation of men's and women's teams. In 1949, the Hungarian team turned out to be the strongest at the Women's World Championship in Budapest. Subsequently, world championships were held every four years. In total, 7 men's and 3 women's 11x11 handball championships were held. In 1966, the VII, last 11x11 World Handball Championship took place, which ceased to exist as an international game, thereby giving 7x7 handball the opportunity to develop. In 1954, the World 7x7 Men's Handball Championship took place in Sweden. The Swedes won, and women held the first 7x7 handball championship in 1957 in Yugoslavia. The Czechoslovakian team took first place.

Handball 7x7 was returned to the Olympic program only in 1972 at the XX Olympic Games in Munich. The competition was held indoors, with men's teams participating. The handball players of Yugoslavia won. Women's handball was first included in the program of the XXI Olympic Games in 1976 in Montreal. The brilliant performance of the women's team in Montreal, secured by winning gold medals at the Moscow Olympics, finally strengthened the position of our Soviet school of play in the international arena.

Emergence domestic handball dates back to the beginning of the twentieth century and is associated with the penetration of the Sokol system of physical education into Russia.
Handball first appeared in Kharkov in 1909. The ancestor of Ukrainian handball was the Czech game "hazena", cultivated in the Sokol society as a gymnastic game.
The decisive contribution to the development of handball in pre-revolutionary Russia belongs to Dr. E.F. Mala, who by 1914 completed the work on creating a highly mobile and effective game with the ball and developed the first official rules of Ukrainian handball in our country. According to these rules, the game was played by a team of 7 players on a 45x25 m court, divided into three zones: defense, central field and attack. The goalkeeper's area was limited by the line of shots on goal from 4 m, making up a rectangle of 4x8 m. The ball was thrown into a goal 200 cm wide and 225 cm high. The game lasted two halves of 30 minutes. The basic elements of Ukrainian handball became an important part of the international rules of the game, developed 20 years after the publication of the rules by E.F. Mala.
Ukrainian handball was the world's first complete version of the sport-oriented game.

The first official game of sports handball teams took place in 1910, in Kharkov, and in 1918 a “handball league” was organized there.
The first reliable information about the beginning of the development of handball and handball in the USSR dates back to 1922, when 11x11 handball was played. The first meetings took place in Moscow at the experimental demonstration sites of Vsevobuch. The initiator was M.S. Kozlov, the founder of the department of sports games at the State Center for Physical Education and Physical Education. The game with 11 players was called “handball”, it was mainly distributed in the RSFSR, and the game with 7 players was called handball. These game names in our country remained until the end of the 40s.
In 1928, handball was included in the program of the First All-Union Spartakiad. The unsuccessful debut of handball and handball at the First All-Union Spartakiad undermined the authority of this sport for many years. At the end of the 1930s, interest in the game declined.

The active revival of the game began in 1946. In 1948, new rules of the game were approved, which assigned the name “handball 7x7” to handball. The USSR Handball Federation was also named in accordance with the Russian name. Since then, a discrepancy between the terms has arisen: handball players play a handball. Since 1993, the Federation began to be called the Russian Handball Union.
The first all-Union competitions of national men's and women's teams of USSR cities in 11x11 handball took place in Riga in 1955. Among the women, the winners were Kyiv students, among the men - from Riga. Between 1956 and 1961, 6 USSR 11x11 handball championships were held, which played a certain role in the development of the game. It became obvious that the game was losing its position in the country and abroad. The Federation decides to terminate the USSR 11x11 handball championships. Since 1962, the USSR championships have been held only in 7x7 handball.

The country's men's team entered the international arena in 1960, and the women's team in 1962. The first great successes came to our teams a decade and a half later. The women's national team won the world championships in 1982 (Hungary), 1986 (Holland), 1990 (South Korea). Olympic champions at the XXI and XXII Olympiads, silver awards at the XXIV and XXV Olympic Games. The path to recognition of men's handball was more difficult. Silver awards at the 1978 and 1990 World Championships and the XXII Olympic Games. Gold medals at the 1982 and 1992 World Championships. Olympic winners of the XXI, XXIV, XXV Olympiads. Our teams did not take part in the 1984 Olympic Games, but in 1992 they competed as a united team of the City Council. At the XXVI Olympics in Atlanta-96, the men's team was among those who took 4-6 places.

The United States has yet to win a single Olympic medal. Former world champion Hungary is considered the strongest team. She is followed by Denmark with the aggressive Anja Andersen and China. The largest harvest of medals was collected by the world champion team of France (group B) and the team of Croatia (group A). At the XXVI Olympics in Atlanta-96, Croatia competed under its own flag for the first time in the history of the Olympic Games and won Olympic medals. The Danish women's team also has Olympic medals.
Since the inclusion of handball in the Olympic Games program, its popularity in the world has increased dramatically. Big changes are brought by changes in the rules of the game, which are established by the International Federation. At last, a break in the game was introduced in Atlanta. After the first half hour the teams will stop for a minute break, whereas previously they simply changed goals. Players throw a ball, which is slightly smaller than a football, into a goal 198 cm high and 3 meters wide. In women's handball the ball is slightly smaller.

Currently, handball is deservedly called an athletic game, equally popular among men and women.

Handball, in its current form, was invented by Danish football players at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries - as a replacement for football, for playing in the winter.

Handball is played with your hands, and each team consists of only 6 players and a goalkeeper.

The roots of handball go back to ancient times: we find references to the “progenitors” of this sport - ancient games with a ball with hands - in Homer's Odyssey and in the works of the ancient Roman physician K. Galenus. In the Middle Ages, Walter von der Vogelweide dedicated his poems to similar games.

The date of origin of the sports game with a ball, registered in the international sports classification under the name “handball” (hand ball), is considered to be 1898, when the teacher of physical education at a real school in the Danish city of Ordrup, Holger Nielsen, introduced the game with a ball into the physical education lessons of women’s groups, called "haandbold" ("haand" - hand and "bold" - ball), in which teams of 7 people competed on a small field, passing the ball to each other and trying to throw it into the goal.

The emergence of the game of handball has a rich historical past. Even in ancient times, there were ball games that included elements of modern handball. In 1892, a ball game was invented in Czechoslovakia, which was called Česká hazena. In 1898, Holger Nielsen, a teacher at a girls’ gymnasium in the Danish city of Ordrum, introduced a game called “Haandbold” into his lessons, in which teams of 7 competed on a small field, passing the ball to each other and trying to throw it into the goal.

When Nielsen composed a new game for women from two games - football and basketball, no one imagined that this 7x7 game would find such distribution in the world. The creation of the game with a composition of 11 people dates back to 1917-1919. Both types of the game existed together for a long time, and competitions were held seasonally: in the summer they played 11x11 handball on the football field, and in the winter they played 7x7 in the hall.

Research conducted in recent years gives grounds to attribute the birth of handball to an earlier period. In 1890, a folk version of the ball game, called “khazena” (throw, throw), became widespread in the Czech Republic. The game was reduced to unregulated throwing and catching of the ball in mixed groups without combat.

In 1917, Berliner Max Heiser composed a new game for women called “handball” from two games. No one imagined that this game would become so widespread throughout the world.

In 1918, two opposing currents of the game were clearly identified on the international sports map: Czech hazen (in the east) and German handball (in the north and west).

Already in 1920, the first games for the Cup and the German handball championship took place in Berlin. And in 1923, new competition rules were introduced. Reducing the size of the ball, introducing the rule of “three seconds” and “three steps” significantly contributed to the improvement of playing technique. In 1925, the first international meeting between Germany and the Austrian team took place. Germany lost with a score of 5:6.

Handball was recognized as an international sport in 1926. gave impetus to the development of the game in a number of countries. Clubs cultivating handball appeared in Luxembourg and Switzerland, Spain and other countries. Since then, handball has been recognized as equal among other sports.

In 1928, the International Amateur Handball Federation (IAHF) was created in Amsterdam, which operated until 1944. It included 11 countries that actively developed handball. In 1936, handball was first included in the Olympic program of the XI Olympiad in Berlin. The German team became the Olympic winner.

The IV Congress of the IAHF was held during the Olympic Games, who decided to hold the World Handball Championships 7x7 and 11x11. The championships were to be held with the participation of only men's teams at first. In 1938, German athletes won the world championship in Germany.

A new upsurge in the development of handball began with the creation in 1946 of a new international handball federation - the IHF. The IHF approved an action program aimed at reviving world handball and scheduled the holding of the 11x11 World Handball Championships with the participation of men's and women's teams. In 1949, the Hungarian team turned out to be the strongest at the Women's World Championship in Budapest. Subsequently, world championships were held every four years. In total, 7 men's and 3 women's 11x11 handball championships were held. In 1966, the VII, last 11x11 World Handball Championship took place, which ceased to exist as an international game, thereby giving 7x7 handball the opportunity to develop. In 1954, the World 7x7 Men's Handball Championship took place in Sweden. The Swedes won, and women held the first 7x7 handball championship in 1957 in Yugoslavia. The Czechoslovakian team took first place.

7x7 handball was returned to the Olympic program only in 1972. at the XX Olympic Games in Munich. The competition was held indoors, with men's teams participating. The handball players of Yugoslavia won. Women's handball was first included in the program of the XXI Olympic Games in 1976 in Montreal. The brilliant performance of the women's team in Montreal, secured by winning gold medals at the Moscow Olympics, finally strengthened the position of our Soviet school of play in the international arena.

In the 1984 Olympic Games, which were held in the United States, the USSR teams did not participate for political reasons, and in 1992, when Russia became an independent state, both the men's and women's teams competed jointly under the auspices of the CIS (Union of Independent States).

International Handball Federation(IHF) was founded in 1946 and unites 147 national federations (2002). The program of the Olympic Games has included men's teams of 11 people since 1936, and 7 people since 1972. Since 1976, women's teams have also competed at the Olympic Games. 12 men's and 12 women's teams are participating in the Olympic tournament, their composition is determined based on the results of previous Olympic Games and qualifying competitions. Initially, the tournament is held on a round-robin basis in two subgroups of 6 teams each, then games between teams that take first, second and subsequent places. In accordance with the rules of the IHF, Olympic tournaments are held in sports halls.

Disciplines:

Men's team championship;

Women's team championship.

Since the inclusion of handball in the Olympic Games program, its popularity in the world has increased dramatically. Big changes are brought by changes in the rules of the game, which are established by the International Federation. At last, a break in the game was introduced in Atlanta. After the first half hour the teams will stop for a minute break, whereas previously they simply changed goals. Players throw a ball, which is slightly smaller than a football, into a goal 198 cm high and 3 meters wide. In women's handball the ball is slightly smaller.

Currently, handball is deservedly called an athletic game, equally popular among men and women.

Handball- a team sport in which the goal is to throw as many balls as possible into the opponent’s goal. Unlike football, the ball is thrown by hand.

How is handball translated?

Handball sounds in English like handball from hand - hand and ball - ball.

The International Handball Federation (IHF) is the governing organization of world handball. The headquarters is located in Basel (Switzerland).

History of the origin and development of handball

Handball was invented by Danish football players at the turn of the 19th–20th centuries. This game has come to replace football in the winter. The main difference from football is the need to play with your hands and the reduction in team size to 7 people.

Where did handball originate?

In 1920, the first games for the Cup and the German handball championship took place in Berlin. In 1923, the rules of the game were adjusted. The size of the ball was reduced, the rules of “three seconds” and “three steps” were introduced, which significantly improved the playing technique. In 1925, the first international meeting between the German team and the Austrian team took place. The match ended with a score of 5:6.

In 1926, handball was recognized as an international sport, which gave impetus to its development in a number of countries. Clubs began to appear in Luxembourg, Spain, Switzerland, and in 1928 the International Amateur Handball Federation was created in Amsterdam. In 1936, handball was first included in the program of the Olympic Games in Berlin.

In 1946, handball received a new impetus for development and the International Handball Federation (IHF) was created. It approved a program aimed at reviving world handball, and also outlined a plan for holding world championships (in the 11x11 format). Since 1966, there have been 7 people in the handball team.

Who invented handball?

Danish football players at the turn of the 19th–20th centuries.

Handball rules (briefly)

The rules of handball are the same for men and women, here are the main ones:

How many halves are there in handball?

Two halves.

A handball team consists of 16 people, of which no more than 7 players can be on the court at a time, the rest are substitutes. One of the players on the court is the goalkeeper. At the beginning of the game, each team must have at least 5 players.
Handball playing time. Matches for adult teams consist of two halves of 30 minutes each with a 15-minute break. Matches for children's teams aged 8-12 years old consist of two halves of 20 minutes each, and matches for teams aged 12-16 years old consist of two halves of 25 minutes each. After the break, the teams change sides of the court. If it is necessary to identify the winner, additional time (overtime) may be assigned - two halves of 5 minutes each with a 1-minute break.
The match begins with the ball being kicked into the center of the field. Players can safely touch the ball with any part of their body except their feet. Before making a pass, you must make sure that the player is more than 3 meters away.
Before making a pass or throwing the ball into the opponent's goal, each player has the right to hold it only for three seconds. At the same time, you can take no more than 3 steps with the ball in your hands, then you have to throw it to someone else.
During the game, the coaches of both teams have the right to take one time-out lasting 1 minute. The referee can stop the clock and call a time-out in several cases:

Disqualification and removal from the game for 2 minutes.
Purpose of a seven-meter throw.
Violation of the substitution rules or bringing an extra player onto the court.
If the judges need to consult.

Players can be replaced an unlimited number of times. A replacement team member may enter the field only after the handball player being replaced has left it.
In case of violations, players receive warnings; for repeated violations, they are removed from the field for two minutes (they may be completely disqualified). In addition, seven-meter or free throws may be awarded. A seven-meter throw is carried out from a distance of seven meters from the goal; when performing a throw, opponents have no right to interfere with the player in any way.
If the transfer of the ball from the defensive zone to the offensive zone is delayed, then this is called passive play. The team is penalized with a free throw from the place where the ball was when play was suspended.
In handball, single-impact dribbling (hitting the ball on the floor every 3 steps) and multi-impact dribbling are used.

How long does a handball match last?

Matches for adult teams consist of two halves of 30 minutes each with a 15-minute break. Matches for children's teams aged 8-12 years old consist of two halves of 20 minutes each, and matches for teams aged 12-16 years old consist of two halves of 25 minutes each.

In addition, handball rules allow:

Use your hands to block and control the ball.
Use open palms to knock the ball off your opponent's hands.
Shield your opponent with your body.
To hinder your opponent's actions, touch him with your hands from the front.

Prohibited:

Snatch the ball from the opponent's hands.
Block or push away an opponent with your legs and arms.
Carry out any physical impact on an opponent that could endanger him.

How many people are in a handball team?

A handball team consists of 16 people, of which no more than 7 players can be on the court at a time, the rest are substitutes.

Handball court

The size of a standard handball court is 40 by 20 meters. There must be a safety zone around the pitch of at least 1 meter along the touchlines and at least 2 meters behind the goal line. All lines are part of the areas they limit. The width of the marking lines is 5 cm, except for the line between the goal posts, which is 8 cm wide.

The goal area is limited by the goal area line, which is drawn as follows: opposite the goal, at a distance of 6 m, a line parallel to it, 3 meters long, is drawn. The ends of this line are connected to the outer goal lines by arcs with a radius of 6 meters, centered at the inner corners of the goal posts.

At a distance of 3 meters from the outer boundary of the goal area line, a broken free throw line (9-meter line) is drawn parallel to it.

Opposite the goal line (strictly in the center) at a distance of 7 meters and parallel to it, a 7-meter line 1 meter long is drawn.

Opposite the goal line at a distance of 4 meters and parallel to it, a goalkeeper boundary line (4-meter line) 15 cm long is drawn.

The midpoints of the lateral lines are connected by a central line.

Inventory and equipment for handball

Handball ball made of leather or synthetic materials, and a latex or butyl chamber is installed inside. It should not be slippery or shiny. Handballs are divided into balls for beginners and professionals, match balls and training balls. According to production method: machine and hand sewing. Handballs come in 3 sizes:

Circumference 50-52 cm, weight 290-330 grams for teams of boys 8-12 years old and girls 8-14 years old.
Circumference 54-56 cm, weight 325-375 grams for women's teams over 14 years old and men's teams 12-16 years old.
The circumference is 58-60 cm, the weight of the handball ball is 425-475 grams for men's teams over 16 years old.

The handball uniform should be elastic, light, comfortable, soft and silent. It should be made of fabric that absorbs moisture very well. An acceptable material option may be polyester.
Handball shoes should provide good cushioning in the sole, be lightweight and support the ankle.

Standard throws in handball

The initial throw serves as the start for the start of the game, as well as for its resumption after the ball is scored. At the beginning of the match, the right to the initial throw is determined by drawing lots, and after a goal is scored, this right is given to the team that missed the ball. The throw is performed at the referee's whistle for 3 seconds in any direction.

The throw from the sideline is performed by the opponents of the team whose player last touched the ball. A throw-in is performed if:

the ball has completely crossed the side line, in which case the throw is taken from the place where the ball crossed the line;
the ball has completely crossed the outer goal line, touching a field player of the defending team, in which case the throw is taken from the junction of the side line with the outer goal line;
the ball touched the ceiling or structures above the court, in which case the throw is made from the point on the side line closest to the point of contact.

The goalkeeper throw is performed by the goalkeeper of the defending team. The goalkeeper's throw is completed if.

Handball is a popular ball game. It is played by two teams of seven people. This game is somewhat similar to rugby and basketball. Handball is played on a rectangular court 40 m long and 20 m wide. On both sides of the court there should be goals 3 m wide and 2 m high. The game is played in two thirty-minute halves.

The main task of the players is to protect their goal and strive to throw more balls at their opponents into their goal opposite. The ball must be thrown at the goal from outside the six-meter zone. If after an hour of play (60 minutes) the result between the teams is a draw, then two additional five-minute halves are assigned. But if the winner is not determined in this case, then the judge orders a series of throws from the seven-meter zone. When the game is stopped for a short time, the clock does not stop. Each team has the opportunity to take a time-out in each half. A time-out can only be taken when a team is attacking and for only one minute.

Ball in handball players can stop and throw with different parts of the body other than the soles of their feet. You can play with your hips and knees. The player holds the ball for no more than 3 seconds and can take no more than three steps with the ball. It is prohibited to step beyond the line of the opponent's goalkeeper zone. The referee deprives the team of the ball for a passive attack. You can block your opponent with your body and you can control his progress across the court with bent arms.

Handball is a relatively young sport. As it is now, it was invented at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries by football players from Denmark to replace football in order to play in the winter. The peculiarity of handball is that I play it with my hands. Although the roots of handball are from ancient times - even Homer in his writings mentioned a game similar to handball by the ancient Greeks. Research makes it possible to name the date of the birth of handball in 1890. It was then that a version of another ball game called “hazena” spread in the Czech Republic. In this game they threw and caught the ball without fighting in mixed groups. And at the beginning of the twentieth century, Max Heiser from Berlin, combined these two games and created a new game of "handball" for women. But no one thought that the game would find many fans and spread throughout the world.

Handball was recognized as an international sport in 1926. and this gave a huge impetus to the development of this game in many countries. Entire clubs were created in Switzerland, Luxembourg, Spain and other countries. In Amsterdam in 1928 The amateur international handball federation was created. Handball was first included in the Olympic program in 1936. The first Olympic champions were the handball team from Germany. And handball was returned to Olympic competition only in 1972. in Munich at the twentieth Olympic Games. Then the competition was held in a closed hall and only men's teams took part. The winners were the Yugoslav team.

Women's handball was included for the first time in the Olympic program in Montreal in 1976. When handball was included in the program of the Olympic Games, its popularity increased very sharply in the world.

Even greater changes in handball are being made by changes to the rules of the game, which the International Handball Federation has the right to establish. Thus, a break was introduced by the rules of the game. After the first thirty minutes of the game, the teams stop for a one-minute break, and before they only changed goals with each other. Players now throw a ball into the goal that is almost like a football, and the goal is now 198 cm high and 3 meters wide. In women's handball the ball is slightly smaller. Handball is now deservedly called an athletic game, but it is equally popular among both men and women.