What is butterfly and stand-up in hockey. Three great inventions of Tretyak. Contribution to history

annotation

The article discusses the problem of improving the training process of hockey goalkeepers. Experimental data are presented on the effectiveness of goalkeepers playing in the Scandinavian style, in comparison with the classical one, in both professional and youth hockey.

Keywords: Scandinavian and classic styles, hockey goalie.

WHAT STYLE TO CHOOSE - SCANDINAVIAN OR CLASSICAL? SOME RESULTS OF RESEARCH OF GAME OF THE HOCKEY GOALKEEPER

Vadim Evgenevich Mitin, the post-graduate student,
The Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, St. Petersburg,
Vladislav Sergeevich Volkov, the post-graduate student,
The Lesgaft National State University of Physical Education, Sport and Health, St.-Petersburg,
Kirill Vitalevich Korenkov, the head coach,
School of goalkeepers of N.G. Puchkova, St.-Petersburg

Annotation

In article, the problem of perfection of training process of hockey goalkeepers is discussed. Experimental data by efficiency of game of goalkeepers by the Scandinavian style, in comparison with classical, both in professional, and in youth hockey are presented.

Keywords: The Scandinavian and classical styles, the hockey goalkeeper.

INTRODUCTION

Experts have been studying the sports activities of hockey goalkeepers for a long time. The listed works provide certain information reflecting both the state of players at various stages of preparation, and recommendations for building this training in the part studied by the authors of the component of goalkeeper activity. At the same time, the specified information and recommendations are of a varied nature, so it becomes difficult to interpret and apply them directly in the educational and training process of young hockey goalkeepers. At the same time, it should be noted that in the domestic scientific and educational literature there is no data on analyzing the performance of goalkeepers in the Scandinavian and classical styles.

Therefore, the study solved two problems: 1) to analyze the performance of professional goalkeepers in the Scandinavian and classical styles and 2) to study the effectiveness of these styles in the game of a young hockey goalie.

RESEARCH RESULTS AND THEIR DISCUSSION

To solve the first problem, we observed the games of professional goalkeepers from the NHL and KHL, as well as matches of the World Championships, Olympic Games, MHL and the Russian Major League, Elite division of Sweden and GET liagen of Norway. A total of 30 games were reviewed in the 2008-2009 season, 50 games in the 2009-2010 season, and 40 games in the 2010-2011 season.

The analysis showed that almost all goalkeepers in Europe and most of the NHL goalies play in the Scandinavian style. Russian leagues are more conservative in this regard; there are no clear Scandinavian-style goalkeepers.

The most detailed analyzes were made of 15 NHL matches involving two goalkeepers, adherents of different playing styles - Martin Brodeur (New Jersey Devils, classic style) and Jonas Hiller (Anaheim Ducks, Scandinavian style). The New Jersey Devils and Anaheim Ducks were not chosen by chance, as they play a clearly defined game without much improvisation. In such teams, the defensive line is built on the performance of goalkeepers, and in most matches the final result depended on their actions. These goalkeepers were also number one in their teams at the Olympic Games in Vancouver.

The assessment was carried out according to 9 indicators: the percentage of shots on goal from the bottom, top, at an average height; percentage of goals missed from the bottom, top, at mid-height; percentage ratio of the reliability of goalkeepers' play when throwing low, high, or at an average height.

An analysis of the results of a goalkeeper playing in a classic style shows the following: of the total number of shots on goal, goals were scored low in 58.0% of cases, at an average height in 31.2% of cases and high in 10.8% of cases. The overall reliability rate is 86.3%.

When a goalkeeper played the Scandinavian style, goals were scored from low 32.0% of the time, mid-high 62.2% of the time, and high 5.8% of the time. The overall reliability factor of a goalkeeper playing with this style was 93.3%.

According to experts, a goalkeeper's performance is considered effective if his overall reliability coefficient starts at 92.0%.

In addition to the overall reliability coefficient, goalkeeper performance was also compared at different throw heights.

Jonas Hiller's Scandinavian style is more productive when it comes to low shots, as he actively uses the "sitting game" and accordingly cancels out the threat posed by shots sent down the ice. Martin Brodeur's classic style is less productive because the forwards, knowing that the goalie is playing in a high stance, shoot low or at a medium height that is inconvenient for the goalkeeper.

It is also affected by the fact that after the first shot, especially when playing for “finishing”, goalkeepers of the classical style tend to immediately take a “stand”. In close combat this opens up space between the legs and under the arms. Considering that in a time-limited situation the player tries to simply direct the puck into the goal without a targeted shot, the goalkeeper who leaves fewer “gaps” for the puck has an advantage. Martin Brodeur finds it difficult to cope with a large number of such shots, so the advantage of Jonas Hiller's Scandinavian style in this case is undeniable.

Further analysis shows that Jonas Hiller, when playing in a split, is also more effective in deflecting pucks sent on top. It should also be noted that a large percentage of Martin Brodeur's goals were scored from long distances while adjusting the puck on the spot. Most often, the puck flew into the goalkeeper's target; Jonas Hiller had much fewer such pucks due to the compact play in the split. An approximately equal percentage of goals saved and missed when reflecting free throws was revealed; here the experienced Canadian did not allow himself to be outplayed. Thus, we can conclude that: a) almost all goalkeepers in Europe and most of the goalkeepers from the NHL play in the Scandinavian style. Russian leagues are more conservative in this regard; there are no clear Scandinavian-style goalkeepers; b) a goalkeeper playing in the Scandinavian style is more economical in his movements, his game is more effective when throwing the puck at the goal at any height. The Scandinavian style requires goalkeepers to be more mobile in the game. There is practically no play on the goal line, which is typical for the classical style.

The second task, to study the effectiveness of the Scandinavian and classical styles in the game of a young hockey goalie, was implemented through the use of test game tasks: mid-range shots; attack from behind the goal; attack 2x0; game on the "patch". During each task, the goalkeeper performed 10 game segments.

The study was conducted in the 2008-2009 season at the School of Goalkeepers named after. N. G. Puchkova (St. Petersburg) with the participation of goalkeepers born in 1992-1994 in the amount of 20 people. The experimental group (EG, 10 people) mastered the technique of playing in the Scandinavian style, the control group (CG, 10 people) - in the classical style. Student's t-test was used to compare results.

Goalkeepers in the control group trained with their teams during the study. The goalkeepers of the experimental group were trained by the coaches of the School of Goalkeepers named after. N. G. Puchkova three times a week.

It should also be noted that observations of the technical and tactical actions of goalkeepers of both groups during competitive games showed that they were approximately the same and boiled down to one goal - hitting the puck at any cost. Young goalkeepers did not calculate their position in the goal and mistakenly determined the position of the attacker and the degree of threat to the goal at different moments of the game. The abundance of unnecessary movements affected the physical condition, which quickly deteriorated and led to even greater shortcomings in the game. At the same time, there was a small amount of skating, and the goalkeeper often fell on his stomach, side and back. Such actions were manifested precisely because of the insecure game in the stance before the throw. The goalkeepers also did not know how to wait for chances, often rushing at the puck first, which gave the field players an advantage, which was converted into goals.

The results of the study are presented in the table.

Test results when performing game tasks

Tests	Before the experiment		After the experiment
	CG (n=10)	EG (n=10)	CG (n=10)	EG (n=10)
Mid-range shots	2.5±0.32	2.6±0.42	1.4±0.12	0.7±0.12
	t=0.36; p>0.05		t=4.11; R<0,01
Attack from behind the goal	3.6±0.32	3.5±0.32	2.7±0.32	1.7±0.22
	t=0; p>0.05		t=2.56; R< 0,05
Attack 2x0	4.7±0.11	4.8±0.32	4.3±0.32	3.4±0.22
	t=0.3; p>0.05		t= 4.50; R<0,01
Game on the "patch"	5.6±0.43	5.6±0.43	4.0±0.21	2.8±0.21
	t=0; p>0.05		t=4.00; R< ,01

Analysis of the data before the start of the experiment allows us to say that the goalkeepers of both groups are almost identical in their technical and tactical readiness; no significant differences in indicators were found. They also have a noticeable tendency for low results in game tasks 3 (attack 2x0) and 4 (game on the “patch”). In our opinion, this is due to the complexity of the game moment when performing these tasks and the poor development of the skill of technical and tactical actions.

After a year of training according to the Scandinavian system, the goalkeepers of the experimental group felt much more confident when performing all game tasks, especially when playing 2x0 and playing on the spot, i.e. when the attacker finishes the puck at the goal. Playing “sitting” helps this group of goalkeepers to more actively fight the attacker in the “patch”. Exactly executing the split forces forwards to shoot into the top corners of the goal, which also reduces the opponent's confidence and likelihood of scoring the puck.

When throwing from an average distance (middle of the zone), the percentage of defects among the “classics” is much higher, while there are many rebounds in front of them and not far to the side. This created problems for classic-style goalies, where rebounds almost always ended with the attacker finishing the puck into the goal.

Goalkeepers playing in the Scandinavian style performed game tasks more confidently and more clearly concentrated their attention on most shots, which did not give the attackers a chance to finish the game by throwing the puck at the goal. Thus, the experimental data obtained allow us to speak about the advantage of young goalkeepers playing in the Scandinavian style compared to the classical one.

CONCLUSION

The data obtained allow us to talk about the advantage of goalkeepers playing with the Scandinavian style, compared to the classical one, both in professional and youth hockey. This fact indicates that the problem of developing models for additional specialized training sessions with young goalkeepers in hockey in the system of general long-term training of highly qualified hockey players is a relevant area and is of great scientific and practical interest.

LITERATURE

Gorsky, L. The game of a hockey goalie: trans. from Slovak / L. Gorsky. - M.: Physical culture and sport, 1974. - 215 p.
Krutskikh, V.V. The structure of the competitive activity of a hockey goalkeeper as the basis for modeling the process of his preparation // Collection of scientific works of young scientists and students / Ross. state acad. physical culture. - M., 2000. - P. 19-25.
Krutskikh, V.V. Features of physical training of hockey goalkeepers 1516 years old at the stages of the preparatory period: dis. ...cand. ped. Sciences / Krutskikh V.V. -M., 2002. - 157 p.
Nikonov, Yu. V. Characteristics of the competitive activity of goalkeepers at the XVIII Winter Olympic Games in Nagano // Scientific notes: collection. scientific tr. Vol. 2. -Minsk, 1998. - pp. 134-141.
Nikonov, Yu.V. Game and training of a hockey goalkeeper / Yu.V. Nikonov. - Minsk: Polymya, 1999. - 271 p.
Tretyak, V.A. Advice for a young goalkeeper: book. for students / V.A. Tretyak. - 2nd ed. - M.: Education, 1989. - 94 p.

References to these two playing styles of hockey goalies are often found in the literature, but I could not find a more or less clear/satisfactory description or definition of what it is. And if even I, a playing goalkeeper, have problems with a clear detailed description of stand-up and butterfly, then what should it be like for a normal fan who rarely puts on skates and judges hockey from the LDS stands or from the sofa in front of the TV? He has to rely on scattered statements from current or former players, coaches, and specialists. And they are just scattered, not allowing us to understand the essence of the phenomenon at least to some acceptable approximation. So it turns out that fans and specialists use the terms “stand-up” and “butterfly”, each understanding something different, and even then fragmentarily.
The situation is just like with the wise men and the elephant (remember where the ears, trunk and legs were?)

Without in any way claiming to be a complete and final description, I will try to give my understanding of these borderline playing styles of hockey goalies, with details based on my own playing and fan experience, illustrating what has been said with quotes and examples.
I will be glad to hear healthy comments, questions and additions.

Let's start with a number of quotes. I suggest reading them carefully, listening to what famous people in the hockey world say.

"...talking to Rua is always difficult. In life, as on the court, he is very impulsive. Therefore, when I asked him the question of who was his idol in childhood, I did not expect to hear a standard answer. That’s how I found out what exactly Roger Vachon was an example for the young Roy: “What about Vladislav Tretiak?” - I couldn’t stand it. - “Tretiak, undoubtedly, is a great goalkeeper,” answered Rua, “but Vashon is closer to me.” Rua made his debut in the strongest hockey League in 1984 at the age of 19. Surprisingly quickly, the young man was able to fit into the legendary club and just 2 years later won his first Stanley Cup with the Montreal Canadiens. The young goalie’s contribution to the victory was so noticeable that he was named the best player in the Cup finals and received the prestigious Con Smythe Trophy. Rua’s game was admired. He played in the butterfly style - a classic style when the goalie is not afraid to kneel and fall on the ice.”

A. Eremenko: “The revolution in goalkeeping techniques is associated, first of all, with the name of Patrick Roy, although even before him Tony Esposito was the first to practice playing on his knees, the so-called “butterfly” style. Roy and his coach Francois Alair are followers of this technique, which has been actively progressing in North America. Today, 70 percent of goalies in the United States and Canada play this style. Goalkeepers are selected by height so that, on their knees, they can cover the goal line as much as possible. There is also a European style, which was preached by Tretiak and our other goalkeepers. Each goalkeeper must choose his own style of play. And a lot depends on the coach."

...
– How do overseas goalkeepers usually act?
Kapkaikin:
– There are also many styles in the NHL, because there are players from many countries. Styles mix. By the way, the now popular “butterfly” began to be used after that season at the turn of the century, when Hasek began to “wallow”, fall, and they could not score on him. Then he also received the NHL award for best goalkeeper. And the original Canadian style is playing while standing, due to the choice of position. It’s similar to our Russian one, but the Canadians play more with a stick (at least that’s how it used to be).”
...

Have you been retrained?
Shtalenkov:
- About 30 years old. The goalkeeper coach preferred that the goalkeeper play more on his knees.
- The so-called butterfly style?
- Exactly. But I couldn’t play on my knees all the time, I managed to combine it, but I began to kneel much more often. Now the whole world, whether we like it or not, plays like this. There are practically no goalkeepers left who play only stand-up. Another thing: the goalkeeper must have a sense of when he should not sit on the ice, but should remain in his stance. The main criterion is one - not to miss, no matter how and with what part of the body the goalkeeper stops the puck. Everything can be justified if the gate remains “dry”.

In total, what we can deduce from what has been said: butterfly is a game on the knees. But only?! Let's figure it out. But first, stand-up.

Stand-up. Literally - get up and stand. The first historical style. The common thread here is the standing game, in a very simplified way - covering the goal area primarily in a vertical position. The origins of the stand-up technique, at least in the European tradition, are inextricably linked with football and bandy. Anyone who is more or less interested in the history of ice hockey knows that many of our hockey players played Russian hockey in the past, and in the summer they played football, and at a high level. Here, in fact, is the solution - both a football and a band goalkeeper absolutely need to return to the stance; he does not have a stick (some of our first goalkeepers played with a small stick or tried to throw the stick, catching the projectile with their hands, as in football), and pads on their legs either there were none, or they were small in size. Therefore, in the first place is the readiness to reflect and react. Moreover, to reflect actively, Play.

An excellent demonstration of the stand-up style is provided by the first game of the KK1987 final, Mylnikov vs. Fuhr:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GsJ27tleKz8

Butterfly. Butterfly. The dominant and most fashionable style of goalkeeper play today. Let me make a reservation: here we are talking about the modern butterfly, which took shape in the early 90s of the 20th century. In general, as we saw above, the descriptions of the luminaries boil down to the fact that in the “butterfly” the goalkeeper sits on his knees, waving his arms like the wings of a butterfly. There is an opinion that our legendary goalkeeper Vladislav Tretyak was at the origins of butterfly. "I wasn't afraid to get down on my knees." IMHO, to simplify it this way is still too much.

In the report on the Olympic Games 2010, I talked about Brodo and Nabokov. Luongo, Hasek as stand-up goalkeepers (well, or combined-style goalkeepers). From the words of Tretyak, and many other specialists, it follows that the listed goalkeepers play butterfly. Where does this discrepancy come from - in the words of famous goalkeepers of the past and what is visually observed now? The solution is simple. As the butterfly style evolved, the emphasis shifted from sitting on your knees with your arms raised to game on the knees, on the edges of the spread pads (along the entire length of the pads), on sliding in a horizontal plane on the edges of the pads due to repulsion with skates (the so-called “sliding”), but playing with the hands is not defining today when describing this style. In other words, now “wallowing on the ice and waving your arms” are not the defining characteristics of butterfly, and even if we consider V.A. Tretyak’s style to be a kind of proto-butterfly, then his students (Brodo, Nabokov) are still goalkeepers of the combined style, which, in general, closer to stand-up than to modern butterfly.

It is important that the “butterfly” is a more “reactive” method, compared to the more “active” stand-up, one of the cornerstones of which is the inadmissibility of a goal when the puck passes “through the goalkeeper” - under the hands. Therefore, the emphasis in working with the hands - both in the stance and on the pads under the throw - is on the density of the defense, on a straightened back and shoulders, on the elbows pressed to the body, which is dictated by the statistics of goals scored. The essence of the butterfly stroke is to cover as much of the goal area as possible. Horizontally. Not in the sense of “lying down,” but in the sense of “flat shields laid in a line, with maximum surface.”

An attentive viewer has probably noticed that pure butterfly goalkeepers prefer not to go far out of the goal for a throw, reducing the angle of fire - you can go around a goalkeeper sitting on the pads by driving out of the goal and sitting on the pads, it is difficult to react to finishing moves, etc. Size helps here, which is why oversized goalies are so good in this style. The butterfly goalkeeper plays, roughly speaking, “on the line,” and at the same time, the pads, extended to the maximum possible width, cover the bottom of the goal very effectively. Therefore, the size of the pads is of great importance, it is no coincidence that we see pads of size 36++ on butterfly goalies, as a rule, with long S-parts (these are parts of the pads on the hips), which allow closing the space between the knees when the goalie sits on the ice with the pads closed . The reason for this “area” work is largely due to the evolution of materials - the speed of the puck has increased greatly after the transition from wooden sticks (I’m talking about field players) to composite ones. In addition, modern artificial materials have made it possible to make goalkeeper pads suitable for sliding - the reinforced edges remain hard, keep their shape, and the surfaces do not get wet or absorb moisture. You can remember the old leather horsehair shin guards: twenty minutes of playing on your knees, and the shin guards became twice as heavy as they got wet.
But it's not just about the materials. In general, the tendency to sit under a throw, intuitively covering the maximum area of the goal, is inherent in nature to any goalkeeper. Anyone who has played in goal or coached knows this requirement - “don’t sit down early.” It’s just that now modern materials and sliding techniques make it possible to use this inner desire, directing energy in the right direction. Butterfly plasticity - “flowing” from the stance into the spread pads - sliding - “flowing” into the stance is very attractive in appearance, children easily and willingly learn this style. The following details of the modern butterfly style are worth mentioning:

1) movement on skates from post to post becomes less and less (when playing behind the goal) - a large goalkeeper simply rests his skates against them due to the span of his limbs, sitting in the corners as needed.
2) elbows pressed to the body (difference from the classic goalkeeper stance - note how Lyuongo received the first goal in the 2010 Olympics final).
3) in the stance (on a face-off, for example), the shields are placed at a greater angle [the shifted shields at the MU level (Nabokov’s trademark) are becoming less and less].
4) the stick in the stance is no longer placed perpendicularly (there is no point with such a span of the pads, let the puck bounce into the chest)
5) the goalkeeper holds the trap at head level, due to which the elbows are pressed.
6) the goalkeeper skates, practically without moving his legs, with his legs spread, changing his position “backwards”, and with one push, as a rule. Skating movements are very economical in appearance, but in fact they are extremely energy-consuming. And you need to skate in such a way that the puck does not go “through the goalie” when he moves.
7) throws forward with the guards during, for example, 2-on-1 exits are becoming less and less, butterfly makes this technique less necessary.

This is what everything said looks like in action:

Tretiak divides butterfly into classic and full, the difference being greater mobility (classic is more agile). Apparently, by “classical butterfly” he means a combined style - indeed, Nabokov “plays” much more than Bryzgalov, a good representative of the full butterfly.

And to finish, I’ll give you a couple of very important quotes.

What are the weaknesses of current goalkeepers?
Vitaly Erfilov: I think it’s inappropriate to compare with the guards, for example, of the 80s. Over the past decades, the skill of field players has greatly increased. Therefore, the requirements for goalkeepers have become more stringent. In addition, almost all goalkeepers began to lower themselves onto their pads. And this is a very tricky and ambiguous point: you need to know exactly the time and place when to sit down. And it is important to learn how to do it correctly. The main mistake is that goalkeepers sit down with their arms and shoulders. Although, in theory, the shoulders should always be straightened, thereby the person covers more space in the “frame”. But it turns out that the entire top turns out to be free, and then there is chaotic flapping of the butterfly in attempts to help the team out. So the forwards rock the guards, and then drive the puck under the crossbar. On your feet you are still moving, you have time to move, but on your knees you are already chained to the ice.
What I still can’t understand is why many modern goalkeepers roll out of the goal when the opponents’ attack develops, and when they swing for a shot they begin to crawl back. After all, at first everything was done correctly: by rolling out, you reduce the angle of fire, making the opponent’s task more difficult. And not a single goalkeeper has really explained why he begins to back away when he swings. An elementary mistake common to many.

A.Irbe: Features of the Finnish school are brilliantly executed technique, skating, smooth movements. Finnish goalkeepers work very economically and accurately: no unnecessary twitching of their hands, they always roll out at the right angle with the first push, without additional steps, and are always in the right position.

Bottom line.
Stand-up is a more “active”, “playful” goalkeeper style, based on “vertical” overlap of the goal, preferential skating and reaction to what is happening from the post.
Butterfly is a more “reactive”, “passive” style, based on the “horizontal” overlap of the gates (the idea is to cover the maximum surface, work “over areas”) and sliding on the edges of the guards. After the first shot (or after a threat to the goal), the goalkeeper is not in a hurry to jump into his stance, like a stand-up, but assesses the situation from the “butterfly”.

The history of ice hockey goes back almost 150 years. The first official match took place in Montreal back in 1875, and the first set of rules was compiled in 1877. Over the course of a century and a half, almost everything has changed in hockey: from the rules and the number of players on the field to the equipment. Modern hockey players differ from their predecessors in the same way as elite military units differ from Roman gladiators. The change in eras and technologies in equipment can be seen especially clearly in the example of goalkeepers. After all, the goalkeeper is the most vulnerable figure on the ice, requiring increased protection. To learn how goalkeeper equipment has changed from the beginning of the hockey era to the present day, see our new interactive article.

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The evolution of goalkeeper equipment

1910–1940
1940–1970
1970–1990
1990–2000
2000–N.V.

MONTREAL CANADIENS

Clint Benedict became the first innovative professional goalie in hockey history. In those days, the rules of the game were significantly different from today. Forward passing was prohibited, players were not allowed to play the puck with their skates, and lineup changes were only allowed during a stoppage of play. Minor penalties lasted 3 minutes, and no exceptions were made even for goalkeepers: in case of removal, the goalkeeper was sent to the penalty box, and his place in the goal was temporarily taken by a defender or attacker. For violating the rules of the game, participants paid... in cash. The amount of fines ranged from $2 to $15. The minimum penalty applied to goalkeepers who fell to the ice in order to hit the puck. Then this technique was prohibited. However, goalkeepers were still allowed to “slip and stumble,” which Benedict took advantage of as artistically as possible. Due to his frequent “falls” to his knees, Clint was nicknamed the “praying goalie.” Benedict provoked NHL President Frank Calder to make the first rule change in the League: on January 9, 1918, the functionary announced that goalkeepers could play on their knees to protect the goal. “If they want, let them stand on their heads,” Calder said then.

Beginning of an era

At the beginning of the 20th century, the concept of “goalkeeper equipment” did not actually exist in hockey, so protective equipment was borrowed from athletes from other sports, in particular cricket or baseball. However, hockey itself was very different then from what it is today - forward passing was prohibited, and hockey players were fined with money for violating the rules of the game.

MONTREAL CANADIENS

The personification of that era was goalkeeper Jacques Plante, a six-time Stanley Cup winner and seven-time winner of the title of best goalkeeper of the year. He was the first goaltender in the NHL to regularly wear a goalie mask and play out of his crease to assist the defense. Already in the mid-30s, North American goalkeepers were forced to face a new formidable attacking weapon - clicks. Lightweight equipment could no longer effectively protect against either snaps or wrist shots from improved hook-and-loop sticks. Therefore, the “armor” of goalkeepers was significantly strengthened.

Transition period

The middle of the last century in hockey became a time of commercialization and standardization of both the game itself and the production of ammunition for it. There was still a long way to go before a scientific and technological breakthrough, but the goalkeeper’s equipment, in general terms, already resembled the current one.

CSKA MOSCOW

Three-time Olympic champion and ten-time world champion Vladislav Tretyak became a symbol of the 1970s era in goalkeeping. It is Tretyak who is considered to be the first prominent representative of the new butterfly style. Before Vladislav, the vast majority of goalkeepers preferred to play in a high stance, falling on the ice only when absolutely necessary. Tretyak sat on the shields in advance, covering the lower corners of the goal with them. The Niners could be protected with a trap and a pancake. The resulting “butterfly” turned out to be an extremely unexpected and effective means of protecting the gate. However, the new style also required many new technical solutions in the production of equipment.

Revolution

The beginning of the 1970s was decisive for world hockey. The first meetings of North American professionals with European teams predetermined the development of this sport for decades to come. The era also became revolutionary in terms of player equipment. New materials and technologies have made it possible to take hockey to a new level.

NEW JERSEY DEVILS

Increased speeds forced goalkeepers to once again change their style of play. It became pointless to count on a reaction alone: the situation on the site was changing too quickly. The new style of play was “hybrid” - a combination of the classic high stance and “butterfly”. One of the most prominent representatives of the “hybrid” was the owner of more than 20 NHL goalie records, Canadian Martin Brodeur. Brodeur's impressive dimensions (height 188 cm, weight 98 kg), as well as huge shin guards and a wide breastplate, allowed him to cover almost the entire target with his body and hit the puck without even reacting to the shot. Many other goalkeepers began to play in a similar way - by blocking the maximum goal area in advance.

Golden age

At the end of the twentieth century, that “stunning” (literally and figuratively) hockey was formed, which is played to this day: high-speed, hard and contact. First of all, this was due to further technological development: nylon was replaced by Kevlar, plastic - by composite materials. The increased pace is evidenced by the fact that now it only takes 14 seconds for a hockey player to run around the hockey box. In the 1970s it took twice as long.

DINAMO MOSCOW

Already, the speed of the puck after a powerful snap exceeds 50 m/s, which leaves goalkeepers practically no chance to react to a shot from close range. Since the new rules severely limit the size of equipment and no longer allow you to simply block the goal line with your body, goalkeepers are forced to look for some other style of play. In particular, butterfly is now played not statically, but in motion - moving along the ice in pads. One of the first to demonstrate such goalkeeping technique was two-time world champion, six-time Russian champion, Dynamo Moscow goalkeeper Alexander Eremenko.

Our days

In the 21st century, the level of technology has reached such cosmic heights that its use in sports must rather be restrained. Speed and athleticism in hockey are probably at their highest level. New, even more stringent requirements are being imposed not only on field players, but also on goalkeepers, whose lives have been made more difficult by scientific and technological progress than made easier.

Thick knitted sweaters and tight lace-up shorts were used as the only protection for the torso. Since the snap had not yet been invented, and the puck was rarely lifted off the ice, this was enough for goalies to soften the blow.

Trap and pancake

The first goalies had neither a trap nor a pancake; their hands were protected only by gaiters. However, there were no hockey gloves either, so we had to make do with sports gloves. These could be hard mittens or cricket gloves.

Goalkeeper skates did not differ from skates for field players in either shape, material, or weight. The same leather boots with metal blades attached to them. However, no one stopped us from experimenting in a makeshift way with additional protective linings, as well as the height and width of the blade. Playing in homemade skates in the NHL was allowed until 1927.

Goalkeepers of the first generation, without further ado, used cricket pads, less often baseball ones. Considering that goalkeepers in those days were prohibited from falling on the ice, this equipment was a fairly reliable and effective means of protection.

At first, the goalie stick differed little from the usual one. Of course, in the future, goalkeepers preferred to play with sticks with a wider blade (although in those days they had not yet figured out how to bend the blade). In addition, the angle between the shaft and the hook of the goalie stick is slightly less than the standard one, to make it more convenient to close the “house” (the space between the pads and the ice). All clubs were made from wood: first from maple and willow, then from birch and oak.

If in amateur hockey goalkeepers began to wear masks already in the 20s of the last century - fencing and baseball nets were used, then in professional hockey such “cowardice” was considered bad manners. Clint Benedict became the first NHL goalkeeper to be forced to violate the unspoken ban. To allow his broken nose to heal, he used a creepily designed leather mask. Which, however, did not take root due to the fact that it reduced the viewing angle and protected the face very poorly.

Since now the puck often had to be reflected not only by the pads, but also by the body, goalkeepers acquired the first primitive “shells” - leather bibs, again borrowed from baseball, and shorts with hard inserts. We also had to protect our back and upper legs from throws, which the main shields did not reach.

Trap and pancake

First of all, the “scientific and technological revolution” affected such fundamental goalkeeper attributes as a trap and a pancake. The ineffective gaiter was replaced by... the baseball catcher's glove that goalkeeper Emily "Cat" Francis wore to a game in 1947. Catching the puck in this “net” has become much more convenient. But we had to make the pancake ourselves - it was made of spongy rubber with a wooden frame and attached to the outside of the glove.

It seems strange and ridiculous, but ordinary hockey skates - leather boots with blades riveted to them at the factory - began to be mass-produced only in the late 1920s and early 1930s. Over time, evolution affected only the blade, which took on a more rounded shape, as well as increased protection in the toes and shins. The first plastic inserts began to be used only in the 60s. Goalkeeper skates still differed little from game skates.

The production of full-fledged goalie pads in hockey began only in the early 30s. In technological terms, they were not much different from pads for baseball or cricket - natural leather covering and, most often, cotton filling. The main difference was only in size.

Already in the 1930s, the goalie stick acquired its usual shape: a shaft extended downwards, a wide hook. It was still made of wood, but using a different technology - not from solid material, but by pressing layers. In the 1960s, clubs began to be laminated with fiberglass and other synthetic materials. All together this gave the product greater lightness and flexibility.

On November 1, 1959, a revolution occurred in professional hockey: for the first time in NHL history, a goalkeeper began to constantly play in a protective mask. After Jacques Plante received stitches on a nose broken by a puck, the Montreal goalkeeper returned to the ice wearing the homemade mask he wore in training. The face protector was made of fiberglass, provided little cushioning for the puck and could even cause injury if it cracked during a hard throw. But it was he who became the prototype for most goalkeeper masks that appeared in the 1960s and 1970s.

The increased power of shots required further improvement of the goalkeeper's "shell". Leather and even artificial leather ceased to be reliable protection against the puck after the powerful clicks of the attackers, so they were replaced by synthetic materials such as plastic and nylon. The armor became “monolithic”: the breastplate was combined with hand protection.

Trap and pancake

In the 1970s, the production of traps and pancakes was standardized. The shape of the trap was finally approved by a modified and resized catcher's baseball glove, and the pancake became the back side of a serial goalie's glove.

The 1980s finally retired leather skates. Durable boots made of plastic and nylon fixed the ankle much more reliably, and the plastic base for the steel blade (glass) made it possible to significantly reduce the overall weight and increase mobility. Finally, specialized goalie skates have appeared - with a wider, longer and lower blade, a shorter heel, as well as reinforced plastic protection for the nose and sides.

The pads have changed little and remain the most conservative part of the goalkeeper's equipment. Although new technologies were used in their production, many goalkeepers of the classical style of play still preferred to play in compact pads rather than in heavy “mattresses” inflated to maximum sizes.

There has also been a revolution in the production of sticks: classic “wood” sticks are gradually becoming a thing of the past, giving way to fiberglass and even aluminum. Wood was now most often used in combination with other materials. However, the changes to the goalie stick were almost unaffected.

Vladislav Tretyak turned out to be an innovator not only in his style of play, but also in the field of goalkeeper equipment. His curved metal mesh helmet, nicknamed for its "cat's eye" visor shape, became the ancestor of today's goalie masks and ended the era of fiberglass face coverings. Such a helmet can withstand a direct hit from the puck without injuring the goalkeeper.

In an attempt to maximize the size of the breastplate, goalkeepers began to resort to a variety of tricks. Some put pillows under their sweaters. The imagination of others extended to complex technical solutions - wire structures that were inserted into the sleeves and which, like wings, expanded under the armpit when the goalkeeper straightened his arms.

Trap and pancake

The trap and pancake did not undergo any significant changes, although they were made from stronger, more durable and safer materials. But they also inherited the general trend - they were increased to the maximum sizes allowed by the regulations.

The production of skates for goalkeepers began to receive as much attention as the production of regular skates. The main revolutionary change was that the inside of the boot was made of thermoformable materials. When exposed to high temperatures, they took on the anatomical shape of the leg, thereby further increasing stability and maneuverability. In addition, goalie skates have been adapted to different styles of play - classic, butterfly or hybrid.

At the end of the 20th century, some goaltenders' pads looked more like midsize mattresses than puck protectors. The performance of matches fell catastrophically - the score of hockey matches began to resemble football ones. In order to return entertainment to the sport, it was decided to reduce the width of the shields. However, since the length of the pads depends on the height of the goalkeeper, tall goalkeepers still have some advantage. A real war on the size of goalie pads was declared already in the 21st century.

By the end of the 20th century, wood, fiberglass, and aluminum putters passed the baton to lighter, more durable graphite putters. Most goalkeepers already preferred sticks with a slightly curved blade, since such a stick is easier to pass to a teammate or even shoot at an empty goal at the end of the match.

Trap and pancake

Thermoforming technology has also reached the trap, which can now take on individual sizes and the shape of a hand. It is made of composite materials with a foam lining and, sometimes, a carbon coating. Its length should not exceed 41 cm, and its width - 20 cm. The pancake is also made of composite materials; its dimensions are limited to 38 cm in length and 20 cm in width.

Professional hockey skates are usually custom-made, taking into account the structure, style of play and preferences of the goalkeeper. For example, for representatives of the butterfly style, who are forced to move along the ice while sitting on pads, the inner sides of the toes of the boots are slightly beveled. This allows you to push off from the surface even in this position.

To make it convenient for the goalkeeper to move around the ice while sitting on his knees, modern pads are made in a rectangular shape. Their outer layer is wear-resistant leatherette, and inside there is compressed foam filler of varying degrees of hardness. A feature of modern protectors is low cushioning so that the puck flies away from the goal and does not get stuck on the patch. The width of the pads should not exceed 28 cm, and their height depends on the height of the goalkeeper, but no more than 27 cm above the knee.

The new generation of professional clubs are made entirely of carbon, sometimes with titanium coating. For top-level players, clubs are made to order, taking into account preferences in height, stiffness and blade bend.

The “hybrid” goalkeeper helmet is now made of carbon fiber, but the visor is still made of steel. Airbrushing on a mask (a pattern applied with a spray) depends only on the imagination and personal preferences of each goalkeeper.

In modern hockey we see a variety of goalie playing styles. Some schools and coaches teach the butterfly style and some teach the old stand-up style. The active style of play in goal dominates, which can be called “modern” or “hybrid”.

What does this mean?

Goalkeepers should not play in a style where the same movement is effective for different game situations. Butterfly is very effective when used correctly and at the right time. However, it does not help when more tactical movement is needed to maximize the coverage of the playing space.

The idea behind the "modern style" is to remain in a "stance" position as long as possible and to kneel when the situation calls for it. A goalie will always react faster to the puck from his main stance than from any other position. This is the result of practice and is most comfortable for the goalkeeper. Also, being in the main stance, the goalkeeper has the best opportunity to move in any direction required by the game situation.

“Why can’t you use the butterfly style all the time?” If a goalkeeper acts according to a pattern in various game situations, then the opponent very quickly begins to understand this and will make the goalkeeper pay for it. Also, using this style it is very difficult to move when passing from flank to flank. Young goalies can avoid mistakes with the butterfly style, especially if they have good technique, but it is much more difficult for older goalies to rely solely on butterfly movements to increase the speed of their play.

If a goalie, deflecting a shot on his knees, hits the puck, it will be very difficult for him to move under a possible finishing move. In the case when the goalkeeper hits the puck “in the stance”, it is much easier to take a position to reflect subsequent shots.

Use the butterfly style when the direction of the throw is not known, if you need to cover the largest space when playing directly at the goal, during set-ups, rebounds, etc. If the goalkeeper sees a shot, he simply parries it while standing and must be immediately ready to move to parry the next shots.

The goalkeeper's play down low is also very important. There are many situations when a goalkeeper should do this. For example:

* Pass to the corner of the goalkeeper area
* 2 in 1 outputs
* Immediate throws during passes from behind the goal
* Ricochet
* When a large number of players gather in front of the goal
* Substituting the stick for the throw
* Loss of puck control
* Etc.

To summarize, it must be said that the goalkeeper should remain in the stance for as long as possible. Thus, he has the ability to move and move around. By going down on the ice, the goalie limits himself in the game and it may happen that this makes the goalie worse.

Constant control of the puck.

The goalie must be an active participant in the game and control of the puck becomes one of the key issues in helping his team.

There are several ways to better control the puck:

The first and most important thing is that when deflecting shots, all rebounds of the puck are well controlled by the goalie, and he knows where the deflected puck is. The goalie's job is to direct the puck out of the danger zone and into the corners of the ice immediately after it is deflected.

Reflecting the puck into the corner of the ice using a pancake

The home team will also benefit from the goalie having control of the puck and hitting it in specific spots - players know where to pick up the puck and don't have to fight for loose pucks in the crease too often.

Controlling the puck using a trap to prevent it from bouncing.

The most typical mistakes of this nature are goalkeepers deflecting shots with their pads. Most young goalies are happy to just save those shots because no one taught them how to do it correctly and they don't feel comfortable catching those pucks with a trap because:

- The trap is placed incorrectly in the stance (not in front of the body, but at the level of the side line)
- They don't train it.

All pucks flying from the side of the trap are caught by it in the vast majority of cases. In this case, the goalie has complete control of the puck.

There are some other areas of the game that you should pay attention to where the goalie can help his team with better control of the puck. First of all, a good trend is that referees are starting to force goalies to put the puck into play more often, instead of stopping the game. In modern hockey, more and more coaches are trying to use goalies as a sixth skater - when the goalie takes possession of the puck, he must understand whether in the current situation he has the opportunity to pass the puck to a player on his team. Naturally, it is necessary to teach goalies how to use a stick and puck from a very early age. As goalkeepers get older, more attention needs to be paid to this element of the game.

As an axiom, we can use the principle that it is better for a goalie to play the puck back to his player than to hold it, which will lead to a face-off in his zone. In other words, every time the goalie passes the deflected puck to a teammate, he wins the faceoff. Naturally, there are times when it is impossible or impractical to pass the puck to a partner based on the game situation. In addition, a goalie who plays well with his stick will have teammates less forced to return to their zone to retrieve the puck and also have the ability to quickly organize attacks on the opponent’s goal.

Stopping the puck

Every goalie must be able to stop a puck thrown into the zone, especially when teammates are in such a situation that they cannot pick it up. In this situation, to prevent the attacker from quickly passing, the goalie should throw the puck high into the boards/glass with a strong throw. Thus, it allows players to return to defense before the opponent gains control of the puck in the defensive zone.

Correct choice of position.

It is a mathematical fact that it is impossible to stop most shots if the goalkeeper is on the goal line and relying on his reaction. You can verify this yourself by performing a simple calculation using the formula:

TIME = DISTANCE/SPEED

For example, a puck shot from a distance of 18 meters at a speed of about 145 km/h will reach the goal in 0.456 seconds. And at a distance of 6 meters at the same speed, the time will be 0.152 seconds. In most cases, it is much more important what the goalkeeper does before the shot is made than after - he must take such a position as to cover as much of the goal area as possible even before the shot. This allows for the best opportunity to deflect the puck. Of course, the ability to choose the right position (angle of fire) will not solve all problems, but it is one of the main parts of goalkeeper skill.

Let's look at how different situations are seen from the position of the puck, as these are the basics for proper positioning. The goalkeeper must position himself in line between the puck and the center of the goal. A common mistake young goalies make is that they stay in the middle of the goal when the forward moves the puck (not play "on the puck"). By doing this, they leave too much space on one side of the goal. This is caused by the goaltender being in line with the forward rather than the puck, and the puck may be several feet to his right or left. Therefore, the goalkeeper is not on the shooting line.

Most hitters don't think about it or don't understand it. This is noticeable in situations where, for example, players tend to throw from the left "on top" "under the trap" to a right-handed goalkeeper. This was the correct target if the puck was flying from the forward's line of sight to the uncovered area of the net. If we go down to the level of the puck and look from this point of view, we see that the goalie, in the correct position and in the correct stance, covers the upper corners with the trap and pancake, and the only unprotected areas are the small area under the gloves and the “5 holes”.

Coaches need to demonstrate this effect to goalies by tying ropes to the corners of the goal and pulling them towards the puck. And the goalkeeper should, moving back and forth, determine the correct position when the largest area of the goal is blocked. Moving the puck to different positions will help the goalie understand the correct position.

Goalkeepers need to practice the correct position both when moving straight forward and to the sides. Using a rope will help you find the correct position and release distance to reduce the angle of fire when moving the puck away from the goal. As a rule, the smaller the angle of direction of the throw, the shorter the distance you need to go out of the gate and vice versa. Another thing to remember is the rule about gloves covering the top corners if the goalkeeper is not in the correct position. In addition, there are situations when the goalkeeper does not have the opportunity to get out of the goal as much as necessary and then the goalkeeper's play should be adapted to such situations. An example would be a situation where the player with the puck is on one side of the goal and the other player is at the far post. If the goalkeeper rolls out under the throw, a pass may follow and the puck will fly into the empty net.

When should the goalkeeper start skating towards the goal, how fast and how far? Basically, the goalkeeper should adjust his speed to the speed of the attacker, then it will be easier to adapt to the forward's movements and feints. The correct distance is one at which the goalie, by stopping abruptly and extending his stick as far as possible, can knock the puck away from the attacker.

Movement and participation in the game.

These skills must be practiced in every training session. Rolling and balance make it possible to move well and be in the right place, but how to participate in the game? The goalkeeper must “see the field.” Good vision and the ability to "read the game" is an aspect that is indispensable in a goalkeeper's arsenal. It can be slightly adjusted, but not developed.

The goalkeeper must interact with the players to help the defense.

*Agree with the defense players to use short command words to each other. For example: “Stop!”, “Play!”, “Give it back!”, “Time!”, “Alone!” etc. Use them constantly in training in order to develop the skill of using them in the game.
* Training in stopping pucks thrown along the board to make the game easier for defenders.
*If possible, pass to partners, instead of them picking up the puck at the goal.
* To increase activity in the game, the goalkeeper becomes the “sixth field player.” For example, making a “breakthrough” pass when changing opponents during the game.
* The goalkeeper must be ready to play interceptions, etc. always, even while standing and in other unexpected situations.

puck goalie position game

It definitely has a couple of Olympiad themes, which style is better. Statistics are given, goals scored/conceded, how the goalkeeper played, etc. Typically, those discussing it have difficulty understanding the difference between stand-up, butterfly and combined style. At best, I understand, I can’t say.

History of appearance

In hoary times, goalkeepers were generally prohibited from playing prone. The reason is that ice hockey comes from bandy, bandy. In general, this game has English roots. And gentlemen should not crawl on ice on their knees.

But then the rules had to be changed. The reason is banal. Increase in puck speed. By the way, goalkeepers who played without helmets and masks found it more difficult to keep the goal dry.

Goalkeepers have expanded their arsenal of techniques for catching and hitting the puck. Although, in the same USSR, for a long time it was considered unkosher to play on your knees. Stand only. In Canada, goalkeepers also rarely knelt. The main difference between “their” school and the goalkeeper school of the USSR was a more active game with a stick.

But, gradually, goalkeepers began to use their knees. The pioneer of this business was V. Tretyak (the same one). In fact, Tretiak originated a certain prototype of the “butterfly”. The legend played mainly using his knees.

But it was someone Patrick Roy who really started playing. Judging by his last name, the guy did not play for CSKA. The collar's career in the main league of the Earth began in 1984. Largely thanks to his efforts, the Montreal Canadiens became Stanley Cup winners.

The modern style itself began to take shape in the 1990s. Playing on the knees was replaced by playing on the side surfaces of the pads (these are the “mattresses” that hockey goalies have on their feet).

Now, according to various sources, 70-80% of goalkeepers (in North America) play in the butterfly style. In Europe, for historical reasons, a little less. Although not anymore. There is the KHL.

Stand up and stand

This is exactly how “stand-up” is translated. The essence of the style is simple:

1. The goalkeeper plays standing, when the goal is most likely to be threatened, he crouches, the so-called. low stand. There is also high and medium. The choice of stance depends on the height of the probability of a shot on goal.

2. The goalkeeper moves along the line of the puck. In stand-up, the important point is the choice of position between the goal and the thrower.

3. Active play with a stick is encouraged.

5. The goalkeeper is active in the goal, he constantly moves, covering the entire vertical part of the goal behind him.

6. The goalkeeper actively plays on exits, reducing the angle of attack on the goal.

Partially, “stand-up” can be attributed to combined style. Although many consider it closer to “butterfly”. This is the same game on your knees. The point is that situationally the goalkeeper remains in his stance, or, conversely, falls to his knee, stretching his leg. Most modern “stand-up performers” play a combined style...