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The Winter Olympics are the largest international winter sports competitions, held once every 4 years under the auspices of the International Olympic Committee. The Winter Olympics began in 1924 as a complement to the Summer Games. From 1924 to 1992, the Winter Olympic Games were held in the same years as the Summer Olympics. Since 1994, the Winter Olympic Games have been held with a 2-year shift from the Summer Olympic Games. Other names: Winter Olympics, White Olympics.
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Most winter sports originated in Europe and therefore have deep historical roots, since for our distant ancestors many of the skills now used in sports had important practical significance. So, not knowing how to ski, the ancient hunter had almost no chance of catching up with his prey, and the ability to skate and ski down the mountains allowed him to quickly and without excessive effort overcome snowy or icy paths. Perhaps this explains the fact that the first Winter Olympics consisted mainly of sports disciplines inherent in everyday life: cross-country skiing, speed skating, Nordic combined, and ski jumping.
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Ski racing Alpine skiing is one of the most exciting, fast, sparkling winter sports. The pioneers of skiing appeared somewhere in the middle of the Stone Age. This is confirmed by drawings discovered not so long ago in the Arctic, in places of retreat of glaciers. There, on the walls of the caves, ancient hunters are depicted with something on their feet, very similar to skis, in pursuit of their prey. Today, the most popular are five types of skiing techniques: Carving, radical carving, carve slalom - this technique gained popularity about 5 years ago. It consists of successive carved turns on leveled slopes. At the same time, everything is aimed at establishing an arc and not extinguishing the speed. Slalom, ski cross, giant slalom - sport skating on prepared slopes. The lion's share of skis today are made specifically for this type of descent. The radius of the side cut should be from 15m. Snowpark is a new school. Rather, it is not skiing, but flying with skis on your feet from unprepared slopes. For this purpose, twin tips are purchased - skis with curved heels. Freeride - descents from steep mountain slopes. Skis for this type are generally not suitable for off-piste skiing.
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Ski jumping Today, ski jumping can be considered as a specific winter sport that emerged in the 19th century. Now this sport has enormous popularity, which is gaining more and more every year. At the same time, the rules for jumping are constantly changing. Ski jumping entered the Olympic Games in 1924 and still amazes spectators with its spectacular performance. Previously, only men could participate in this sport. But after women showed themselves and set several records, the rules were changed a little and some women were even allowed to participate in the Winter Olympics.
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Nordic combined In 1912, on February 19, the first competitions in the history of Russian sports were held in simultaneous ski jumping and a cross-country ski race over a distance of 4.2 km - Nordic combined. Nordic combined as a sport originated in Norway at the end of the 19th century. Since the beginning of the 20th century, having spread to a number of other countries, it was included in the program of the Northern Games. This sport includes ski jumping and cross-country skiing. The competition, in which only men participate, is held over two days. On the first day, a 90 m ski jumping competition takes place. On the second day, a 15 km race starts. The result is determined by the sum of points received for completing both exercises.
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Freestyle Freestyle, which means “freestyle” in English, appeared relatively recently and is today one of the youngest sports. In the form that modern freestyle is today, this sport first appeared in 1971. Each of the athletes amazed with their special characteristic technique, each showed their own specific established style, due to which the spectacle of the fight was simply amazing. Some performed dance steps on their skis, others soared in the air with their arms outstretched wide, like a bird, and others searched to the maximum for all the uneven slopes, bumps and surfaces in order to amaze everyone around them with their skill and unusual technique of passing all the difficult ones. moments of the route.
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Snowboarding Snowboarding is a relatively new sport that involves descending from snow-covered slopes and mountains on a special equipment - a snowboard. Snowboarding is divided into several varieties: Sports - includes the following disciplines: boardercross, slalom, parallel slalom, giant slalom, parallel giant slalom and super-giant. Freeride is a free descent on unprepared slopes, from fairly gentle to the steepest. Freestyle is a descent along a prepared snow track performing jumps and acrobatic tricks. Freestyle includes a number of disciplines, including half-pipe, big-air, slope-style, etc. Freecarve. The main feature of this style is its very high speed. Therefore, the snowboard must be long and rigid, the boots and bindings must be extremely rigid (at high speeds this helps to stay on the turns). Jibbing. This style differs from all the usual styles, since skiing occurs on everything except snow: jibbers are interested in railings, benches and generally various edges.
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Biathlon This popular Olympic winter sport gets its name from the Greek words “bis” and “attlon,” meaning “combined.” Biathlon includes cross-country skiing and target shooting. Skiing is carried out using skating style. Targets measuring 45 mm and 115 mm are hit from two positions - standing and lying down, using a small-caliber rifle. What makes the competition even more intense is that both exciting competitions are closely linked, and for every mistake on the shooting range the athlete is punished with penalty minutes or a 150-meter run. Today, biathlon has five disciplines - the individual race (the oldest of all), relay, mass start, pursuit and sprint. The most recently adopted, included in the program only in 1998, is the mass start - a one-time start of the best athletes over a distance of 12.5 kilometers for women and 15 kilometers for men with four shooting ranges.
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Speed skating is a sport in which you need to cover a certain distance on an ice stadium in a closed circle as quickly as possible. Speed skating is one of the oldest sports. The most ancient skates discovered by archaeologists belonged to the Chimerians, a nomadic tribe that lived 3,200 years ago in the Northern Black Sea region. The first officially recorded competition was held in Great Britain in January 1763. Speed skating developed as a sport in the second half of the 19th century. Speed skating is a sport in which you need to cover a competitive distance as quickly as possible on an ice stadium in a closed circle.
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Figure skating is a winter sport in which athletes skate on ice while performing additional elements, most often accompanied by music. In official competitions, as a rule, four sets of medals are played out: in women's single skating, in men's single skating, in pair skating, and in ice dancing. Figure skating is included in the program of the Winter Olympic Games.
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Figure Skating Figure skating is a winter sport in which figure skaters glide across the ice performing artistic or athletic moves to music. In official figure skating competitions, as a rule, four sets of medals are played out: in women's singles, men's singles, pairs, and ice dancing. Figure skating is included in the program of the Winter Olympic Games. The birthplace of this wonderful sport is Holland. It was in Holland, in the 13-14th centuries. The first iron skates appeared, which gave a powerful impetus to the development of all sports related to skating. Russian figure skating originated in 1865. A public skating rink was opened in Yusupov Garden, which soon became a training center for Russian figure skaters. At this skating rink on March 5, 1978. The first competition of Russian figure skaters took place, so to speak, the Russian Championship.
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Speed skating The essence of the competition was simple - being on a closed ice distance, you need to overcome it the fastest. The birthplace of this sport was Great Britain, where the first official competitions were held at the very beginning of 1763. Speed skating is one of the oldest sports. The most ancient skates discovered by archaeologists belonged to the Chimerians, a nomadic tribe that lived 3,200 years ago in the Northern Black Sea region. Skates are the main weapon of any speed skater. After all, the result of the competition depends on their condition. A strong and powerful athlete in unprepared skates will not be able to show a decent result. But great boots and state-of-the-art skates are only part of the success. The blade of a skate is a knife 40-45 cm long and about a millimeter thick. No less attention is paid to leather boots, reinforced with special fiber fibers. The pinnacle of improvement in boots has become boots that are harder and more rigid along their entire length. The same integral part of a modern speed skater as boots and skates is his “second skin” - a racing suit. Fully fitting, it should cover the entire surface of the skater as thoroughly as possible and reduce air resistance to a minimum. The best laboratories in the world, equipped with the most modern technological levels, conduct complex research around the clock in search of such superfabrics that will amaze our imagination with their aerodynamics, thinness, strength and durability. It really is a “second skin”.
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Short track Short track is a type of speed skating that involves covering a competitive distance as quickly as possible inside a hockey rink (the circumference of the skating rink is 111.12 meters). Since short track speed skating is a type of speed skating, it arose not so long ago - at the beginning of the last century. Often, weather conditions drove athletes into hockey rinks, on the ice of which they could practice both sharp turns and sprint acceleration. In Turin, short track speed skating is presented in individual competitions and relay races. Individual races are held at distances of 500 meters, 1000 meters and 1500 meters for men and women, and the relay race is held at a distance of 5000 meters for men and 3000 meters for women. In a four-person race, the winner is the one who overtakes his opponents.
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Bobsleigh Bobsleigh is a downhill race on a specially made ice track on a controlled, streamlined sled. The sled is mounted on two pairs of runners: the front pair is movable, the rear pair is fixed. Because of its shape, such a sled is often called a “shell”. Bobsleigh sleds are equipped with a steering wheel and a brake. The bobsleigh track is an ice chute with turns of varying steepness. The speed of a bobsled while descending the track can reach 130 km/h. There are two types of bobsleigh sleds - double and four-seater. There are three positions in bobsleigh: steering, pushing and braking. Naturally, at the start all four of them act as pushers.
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Skeleton Skeleton (English skeleton, lit. - skeleton, frame), a sport that is a descent down an ice chute on a two-runner sled on a reinforced frame, the winner of which is determined by the sum of two races. The ancestor of skeleton is considered to be the descent from the mountains on a toboggan (useless wooden sled), common among the Canadian Indians. Information about luge sports dates back to the mid-19th century, when British tourists in the Swiss Alps began sledding down snow-covered mountain slopes. The skeleton is a sled with steel runners and a weighted frame, without steering, on which the athlete lies head first in the direction of movement, face down, using special spikes on his boots to control the sled. In Russia, skeleton began to actively develop several years ago. However, already in 2001, Russian athletes demonstrated outstanding results at major international tournaments.
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Luge Luge is a high-speed descent on a one- or two-seater sled along a specially constructed track. The bottom line: the faster, the better. Athletes sit on the sled on their backs, feet first. The sleigh is controlled by bending the runners.
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Ice Hockey Ice hockey is a sports game played on a special ice-filled platform by two teams of six players. The goal of the game is to score the puck into the opponent's goal. Hockey is often called a sport of cosmic speeds. The puck flies over the ice at great speed, hockey players are rushing, attack after attack, first one goalie, then the other parries the strongest shots. And everything will always repeat itself. The game is very tiring, replacements are made every 40 - 50 seconds. It's hard to keep track of the puck, and the speeds are increasing. The history of ice hockey is one of the most controversial of all sports. Traditionally, Montreal was considered his birthplace. However, some 16th-century Dutch paintings show quite a few people playing a game similar to hockey on frozen water. But despite this, Canada is still considered the birthplace of modern hockey. On March 3, 1875, the first indoor hockey game was played in Montreal. Now, the Russian hockey team is considered one of the best in the world. She plays on par with the teams of such famous countries in the hockey world as Canada, Sweden, Finland, Switzerland, and the USA. We hope that at the Olympics in Sochi in 2014, our team will show its best side and become a champion.
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Curling Curling is a winter sports game on ice in which two teams of four players compete to accurately stop special sports equipment (so-called stones) made of granite at a specified location. While the stone is sliding, teammates, assessing its movement, rub the ice with special brushes, which allows them to partially adjust the launch range and trajectory of the stone. Correction of the trajectory occurs according to simple physical laws: during friction, the ice melts, forming a thin film of water, which serves as a lubricant that reduces friction, and when the ice is scratched, on the contrary, the friction force increases and the stone slides more slowly.
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Paralympic Games Paralympic and Games (Paralympic Games) are international sports competitions for the disabled. Traditionally held after the main Olympic Games, and since 1992 - in the same cities; in 2001, this practice was enshrined in an agreement between the IOC and the International Paralympic Committee (IPC). The Summer Paralympic Games have been held since 1960, and the Winter Paralympic Games since 1976. The Paralympics in the world are considered almost as outstanding an event as the Olympics itself. The emergence of sports in which disabled people can participate is associated with the name of the English neurosurgeon Ludwig Gutman, who, overcoming age-old stereotypes in relation to people with physical disabilities, introduced sports into the process of rehabilitation of patients with spinal cord injuries. He has proven in practice that sport for people with physical disabilities creates conditions for successful life, restores mental balance, and allows them to return to a full life, regardless of physical disabilities.
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Ski racing and biathlon. One of the oldest sports, which originated in northern Europe, has now become a Paralympic sport. Skiers compete in classic or freestyle skiing and also in individual and team competitions over distances from 2.5 to 20 km. Depending on their functional limitations, competitors use either traditional skis or a chair equipped with a pair of skis. Blind athletes ride together with a leader. Skiing. They were first included in the Paralympic Games in 1976 in Sweden. Today this sport is practiced by disabled athletes from more than 35 countries. Just like in regular alpine skiing, competitions are held in four disciplines: downhill, super-giant, giant slalom and slalom. Athletes are divided into different classes: POA, Cerebral Palsy, Amputees and Visually Impaired. Depending on the injury, they use different equipment: monoskis, ski or orthopedic aids. Visually impaired athletes compete using voice commands from leaders - coaches. Hockey. As in traditional ice hockey, six players (including the goalkeeper) from each team are on the field at a time. The sleds are equipped with skate blades, and players alternate around the field using iron-tipped sticks. The game consists of three periods, lasting 15 minutes. Curling is a game of great skill and strategy. The first Curling World Cup for wheelchair players was held in January 2000 in Switzerland. This sport made its Paralympic debut in Turin in 2006. Each team must consist of men and women. The competition is run according to WCF rules, with only one modification for wheelchair users - no cleaning. Today, this sport is developing in more than 16 countries.
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The Winter Olympics are global winter sports competitions. Like the Summer Olympic Games, they are held under the auspices of the IOC. The first Winter Olympic Games took place in 1924. At first, the winter and summer Games were held in the same year, but since 1994, they have been held two years apart.
The No. 1 White Games took place in 1924 in Chamonix. Monument to the 1st Winter Olympic Games in Chamonix Official opening ceremony of the Games in Chamonix
Winter Olympics Venues
Winter Olympic sports
Biathlon is a winter Olympic sport that combines cross-country skiing with rifle shooting. Biathlon competitions at the Winter Olympics first appeared at the 1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix and have been included in the program of each subsequent Games since the 1960 Winter Olympics in Squaw Valley. Initially, the competition was for men; women's disciplines appeared at the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville. In this sport, 10 sets of awards are awarded. From the 1928 Winter Olympics to the 1948 Winter Olympics, biathlon was a demonstration sport. Svetlana Ishmuratova Biathlon
The birthplace of bobsleigh is Switzerland. Here, in 1888, the English tourist Wilson Smith connected two sleds with a board and used them to travel from St. Moritz to Celerina located slightly below. Bobsleigh competitions at the Winter Olympics first appeared at the 1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix and have since been included in the program of every subsequent Games, except for the 1960 Winter Olympics in Squaw Valley. Initially, the competition was for men; women's disciplines appeared at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City. In this sport, 3 sets of awards are awarded. Bobsled
Alpine skiing is a descent from the mountains on special skis. A sport, as well as a popular activity for millions of people around the world. The birthplace of alpine skiing is the Alps; in most languages the very name of this sport means “alpine skiing”. Alpine skiing was first included in the program of the IV Winter Olympic Games in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany in 1936. Back then, men and women competed in combinations. Interestingly, alpine skiing is one of the few sports in which men and women began competing at the Olympic Games in the same year. Skiing
Curling (English curling, from Scots curr) is a team sports game on an ice rink. Participants of two teams alternately launch special heavy granite projectiles (“stones”) across the ice towards a target marked on the ice (“house”). In 1998, curling was recognized as an Olympic sport, and the first gold medals were awarded at the Winter Olympics in Nagano. The winner in the men's competition was the Swiss team, and the Canadian team won the first gold medals in the women's competition. Curling
Speed skating is a sport in which you need to cover a certain distance on an ice stadium in a closed circle as quickly as possible. Speed skating has been an Olympic sport since 1924. Women's competitions have been held since 1960, after women competed in exhibition races at the 1932 Olympics. Currently, the Olympic Games compete for 6 sets of medals for men and women. The youngest event, team pursuit, was added at the 2006 Games in Turin. Skating
Nordic Combined is an Olympic sport that combines ski jumping and cross-country skiing in its program. Another name is Nordic combined Nordic combined
Short track (eng. Short track speed skating, Russian. Speed skating on a short track) is a form of speed skating. In competitions, several athletes (usually 4-8: the longer the distance, the more athletes in the race) simultaneously skate along an oval ice track 111.12 m long. Short track
C keleton (English skeleton - skeleton, frame) is a winter Olympic sport, which is a descent down an ice chute on a two-runner sleigh on a reinforced frame, the winner of which is determined by the sum of two or four races. Skeleton
Hockey (English: Hockey) is a sport in which two teams try to hit a target, the opponent’s goal, with a hard, round ball or puck, using sticks. Each team has one goalkeeper who defends his team's goal. The first Olympic ice hockey tournament took place at the 1920 Summer Olympics. Since 1924, ice hockey has been included in the program of the Winter Olympic Games. The women's ice hockey tournament has been included in the Olympic program since the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano. Hockey
Freestyle skiing is a type of skiing and snowboarding. Freestyle skiing includes ski acrobatics, ski cross, moguls and new school skiing. Ski ballet, one of the freestyle disciplines that existed until 1999, was excluded from the programs of official competitions. The ballet consisted of a descent down a gentle slope to musical accompaniment with demonstration of elements of sliding, steps, rotations, and jumps. Freestyle
Cross-country skiing is a ski race over a certain distance on a specially prepared track among persons of a certain category (age, gender, etc.). They belong to cyclic sports. Ski race
Luge (German: Rennrodeln, English: Luge) is a winter Olympic sport in which participants compete in downhill racing on single or double sleighs along a pre-prepared track. Athletes sit on the sled on their backs, feet first. The sled is controlled by changing body position. Luge
Figure skating is a speed skating sport that is a complex coordination sport. The main idea is to move an athlete or a pair of skaters on ice with changes in gliding direction and performing additional elements (rotation, jumps, combinations of steps, lifts, etc.) to music. In 1908 and 1920, figure skating competitions were held at the Summer Olympics. Figure skating is the first winter sport to be included in the Olympic program. Figure skating
Snowboarding is an extreme sport that involves descending from snow-covered slopes and mountains on a special equipment - a snowboard. Initially, it was a winter sport, although some extreme sports enthusiasts mastered it even in the summer, snowboarding on sandy slopes (sandboarding). In 1998, at the Winter Olympics in Nagano, snowboarding was included in the Olympic program for the first time. Snowboarding
Ski jumping is a sport that involves ski jumping from specially equipped springboards. They perform as an independent sport and are also included in the Nordic Combined program. Member of the International Ski Federation Ski jumping
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Ice-skating race
Speed skating is a sport in which it is necessary to overcome a competitive distance on an ice stadium in a closed circle as quickly as possible. Speed skating for men has been included in the program of the Winter Olympic Games since 1924, and competitions for women have also been held since 1960. The modern program of the Winter Olympic Games includes short - 500, 1000, 1500 m, and long - 3000, 5000, 10,000 m distances. Competitors run in pairs - one on the outer track, the other on the inner track.
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Short track
Short track comes from the English short track, which means “short track”. This is a type of speed skating. Competitions are held on ice inside an ice hockey rink. The circumference of the skating rink is 111.12 m. Short track speed skating has been included in the program of the Winter Olympic Games since 1992. The program includes six types of competitions - individual championship in the 500 and 1000 m running for men and women, and a relay race for 3000 m for women and 5000 m for men. The baton can be passed from one athlete to another at any point of the distance by touching any part of the body. The athlete usually pushes his teammate from behind to help him go the distance faster.
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Figure skating
In single skating, both among men and women, and in pair skating, they include a so-called short program - performed for a certain time to music chosen by the athletes, 8 prescribed elements with connecting steps, and a free program - performed for a certain time to music , chosen by athletes, compositions from non-prescribed elements. In ice dancing competitions consist of compulsory dances, prescribed dances, original dances with the required rhythm, and free dances to music chosen by the athletes. Since 1924, figure skating has been included in the program of the Winter Olympic Games. Ice dancing has been included in the program of the Winter Olympic Games since 1976. In each type of Olympic competition, a country can enter one participant or a pair.
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Curling
Curling is a sports game in which opposing teams, 4 people each, try to hit a target drawn on the ice with a bat (stone), a disc with a handle weighing 20 kg and measuring 30 x 40 cm. The bat line is about 31m from the target. The goal of the game is to hit the target with the bat, pushing the opponent's bat out of it. Curling was included in the program of the XVIII Winter Olympic Games in 1994.
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Hockey
For men, matches first take place in two preliminary groups of 6 teams. The 4 strongest teams from both groups then meet in the quarterfinals, the winners of which advance to the semifinals, where participants in the final matches for 1-2 and 3-4 places are determined. In the “consolation” matches, the teams determine the places of 5th to 8th. Women first compete in two preliminary groups of 4 teams. The winners of the group tournaments then meet the teams that took 2nd place in the groups (crossover). The “A” final is then played by the winners of the semi-finals, and the “B” final is played by the losing teams. Teams that took 3rd and 4th places in the preliminary tournaments play for the final 5th to 8th places according to the same principle.
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Ski race
Cross-country skiing is a type of cross-country skiing competition, usually over rough terrain on a specially prepared track. Classic distances: for men - individual cross-country skiing at 10, 15 km (until 1952 at 18 km), 30 and 50 km, as well as a 4x10 km relay race; for women - individual cross-country skiing for 5, 10, 15 (since 1989), 30 km (20 km in 1978-1989), as well as a 4x5 km relay race. Cross-country skiing has been included in the programs of all Winter Olympics since 1924.
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Ski jumping
Traditional individual competitions for men in ski jumping with different design power (K-90 and K-120) have been supplemented in the last decade with a team competition. The team consists of 4 jumpers, the final result is determined by the total amount of points for technique and the distance of two qualifying jumps of each team member, i.e. in eight jumps.
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Skiing
Introduced into the Olympic program in 1936 at the IV Winter Games in Garmisch-Partenkirchen (Germany). The alpine skiing program includes the following 5 disciplines: slalom, giant slalom, super giant slalom, downhill and combination (slalom and downhill). In each competitive exercise for men and women, the tracks have fairly strict basic parameters in terms of length, height difference, number of gates and distance between gates.
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Nordic combined
This is a competition for men in ski jumping and freestyle skiing. In all types of programs, participants now perform both exercises on one competition day. For many years they competed only in classical combined events - ski jumping with a power of K-90 (1st day) and 15 km cross-country skiing (2nd day). Then (in 1982) a team competition was added to the program with the participation of 3 athletes in jumping from a springboard of the same power and a 3 x 10 km ski relay race.
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Freestyle
He made his debut at the XVI Winter Olympics in Albertville (France, 1992). Mogul is a descent along a bumpy slope about 250 m long between bumps arranged in a checkerboard pattern along the most accurate straight line and with the obligatory performance of two different jumps on springboard hills. Acrobatics - acrobat skiers accelerate from the slope, enter a specially profiled springboard and, flying up, perform acrobatic elements of varying complexity.
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Snowboarding
A halfpipe (translated from English as half a pipe) is carried out on a track, which is a chute 3-4 m deep and 110 m long. Accelerating along the chute from edge to edge, athletes perform various acrobatic elements on the edges of the chute. In parallel giant slalom, two parallel slalom tracks of equal length, height difference and number of gates are laid on a slope for the simultaneous start of two participants. Each pair makes two attempts, always changing lanes after the first race. In boardcross. It is carried out on a complex, high-speed track about 1200 m long with springboards, turns, and various irregularities. Participants start in quartets, of which the two best (by time) advance to the next round. Snowboarding - introduced into the Olympic program at the XVIII Winter Games in Nagano (Japan, 1998)
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Biathlon
Biathlon - a modern winter combined event - is a cross-country skiing race with weapons over set distances and shooting at targets from a prone and standing position at the shooting range. Biathletes competed for their first Olympic medals at the VIII Winter Olympic Games in 1960 (Squaw Valley, USA).
Skeleton
Skeleton (this name refers not only to the sport, but also to the sled itself) is a special sled without steering with steel runners and a weighted frame (up to 50 kg), 70 cm long and 38 cm wide. During the descent, the athlete lies on the sled with his head forward, face down and uses special spikes on the toes of the boots and body movements to control the sled. The length of the skeleton track is 1435 m with 19 turns, the elevation difference at the start and finish is 114 m. The descent speed reaches 130 km/h.
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Bobsled
The sled here, called a bob, has an all-metal streamlined body, which is mounted on two pairs of skate runners: a movable front one with a steering wheel and a fixed rear one with a brake. At competitions, double bobs (two) are used - length no more than 2.7 m, weight no more than 165 kg, crew weight no more than 200 kg and four-seat bobs (four) - respectively 3.8 m, 230 kg, 400 kg. At the start, crew members at a distance of 50 m are allowed to accelerate the sled, and in 6 seconds. they often reach speeds of 30 km/h. Then they sit in the sleigh behind the helmsman, bending over to him.
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The presentation on the topic “Winter Olympic Sports” (grade 5) can be downloaded absolutely free on our website. Subject of the project: Physical culture. Colorful slides and illustrations will help you engage your classmates or audience. To view the content, use the player, or if you want to download the report, click on the corresponding text under the player. The presentation contains 16 slide(s).
Presentation slides
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Winter Olympic sports
Biathlon Bobsleigh Skeleton Curling Speed Skating Figure Skating Short Track Alpine Skiing
Nordic combined Ski racing Ski jumping Snowboarding Freestyle Luge Hockey
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Biathlon was first included in the Winter Olympics in 1960. Although back in 1924, as part of the Winter Olympic Games, military patrol competitions were held, and medals were awarded to their participants. After 1960, biathlon has been steadily included in the program of the Winter Olympic Games. At first, only individual 20 km races were held for men. In 1968, a 4x7.5 km relay race for men was added. After two more Olympics, in 1980, 10 km sprint races for men were introduced into the Olympic program. Women began to compete in Olympic competitions only in 1992, when three types of programs were introduced at once - the 15 km individual race, the 3x7.5 km relay and the 7.5 km sprint. At the 2002 and 2006 Olympic Games, two new competitions were introduced for men and for women - pursuit and mass start, respectively. It is planned that at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi the mixed relay will be included in the Olympic program. Thus, today biathlon at the Winter Olympics is a complex of competitions, including individual races, sprint races, pursuit races, mass starts and relay races for men and women. In terms of the number of medals awarded, biathlon has become one of the leading sports at the Winter Olympics.
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Bobsleigh (from the English bobsleigh) is a winter Olympic sport, which is a high-speed descent from the mountains along specially equipped ice tracks on a controlled bob sleigh. Bobsleigh became widespread in a number of European countries, where competitions and then national championships in this sport began to be held. In Austria they have been held since 1908, and in Germany since 1910.
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Skeleton
Skeleton is a sport from the Winter Olympic Games program. It was first introduced in 1928 at the games in St. Moritz. Then, in the 2 subsequent Olympics in 1932 and 1936, skeleton was not represented. In 1948, again in St. Moritz, skeleton returned to the “white” Olympics, since it was in St. Moritz that there was the only track for skeleton. After that, skeleton did not appear at the Olympic Games for a long time, and finally, in 2002 in Salt Lake City, skeleton was again presented at the Olympics, after which it participated in all subsequent games. Also in 2002, women's competitions were included in the program.
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Curling is a team sport played on an ice rink. Participants of two teams alternately launch special heavy granite projectiles (“stones”) across the ice towards a target marked on the ice (“house”).
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Skating
Speed skating has been an Olympic sport since 1924. Women's competitions have been held since 1960, after women competed in exhibition races at the 1932 Olympics. Currently, the Olympic Games compete for 6 sets of medals for men and women. The youngest event, team pursuit, was added at the 2006 Games in Turin.
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Figure skating
Figure skating was included in the Olympic Games program in 1908. The next time figure skating competitions took place was at the 1920 Olympics. Further, since the first Winter Olympics in 1924, figure skaters have participated in all Winter Olympics.
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Short track
Short track (eng. short track - short track), a type of speed skating, which consists of overcoming the competitive distance as quickly as possible inside the hockey rink (the circumference of the skating rink is 111.12 m). Short track speed skating originated in Canada at the beginning of the 20th century. At the 1988 Olympic Games in Calgary, short track speed skating was a demonstration sport. And it appeared in the program of the Winter Olympic Games in 1992. Since the Winter Olympic Games in Lillehammer (1994) - in the competition program: individual championship in the 500 m, 1000 m and 1500 m (men and women) and relay race at 3000 m (women) and 5000 m (men). Athletes run around the oval circle of the skating rink counterclockwise 4.4 laps - 500 m, 9 - 1000 m, 27 - 3000 m and 45 - 5000 m
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Skiing
Alpine skiing is a descent from the mountains on special skis. The program of the Olympic Games in alpine skiing includes 10 types of competitions: five for men and five for women, including downhill, slalom, giant slalom, super giant and super combination. The rules are the same for all types, but the tracks are different. A total of 10 sets of awards are up for grabs.
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Nordic combined
Nordic combined is an Olympic sport. Another name is the northern combination. Includes the following disciplines: 90-meter springboard jumping (2 attempts, points for attempts are summed up) and 15 km freestyle cross-country skiing. For each of these disciplines, general rules apply with minor additions. The starting position of the participants on the second day of competition on the ski slope is determined by the place taken on the previous day in ski jumping. The winner is the first to go the distance, the rest are awarded 5 seconds for each point of lag on the springboard (Gundersen system).
Slide 11
Ski race
Cross-country skiing is a ski race over a certain distance on a specially prepared track among persons of a certain category (age, gender, etc.). They belong to cyclic sports. The first speed skiing competition took place in Norway in 1767. Then the Swedes and Finns followed the example of the Norwegians, and later the passion for racing arose in Central Europe. At the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th centuries. National ski clubs have appeared in many countries. In 1924, the International Ski Federation (FIS) was created. In 2000 the FIS had 98 national federations.
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Ski jumping
Ski jumping [is a sport that includes ski jumping from specially equipped springboards. They perform as an independent sport and are also included in the Nordic Combined program. Member of the International Ski Federation
Slide 13
Snowboarding
Snowboarding is an extreme sport that involves descending from snow-covered slopes and mountains on a special equipment - a snowboard. Initially, it was a winter sport, although some extreme sports enthusiasts mastered it even in the summer, snowboarding on sandy slopes (sandboarding). Since snowboarding often takes place on unprepared slopes and at high speeds, a variety of equipment is used to protect against injuries - helmets, protection for joints, arms, legs, and back. In 1998, at the Winter Olympics in Nagano, snowboarding was included in the Olympic program for the first time.
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Freestyle
Freestyle is a sport from the Winter Olympic Games program. It was first presented in 1988 at the games in Calgary as demonstration performances. Since 1992, freestyle has been included in the Olympic program. Freestyle skiing includes ski acrobatics, ski cross, moguls and new school skiing. Ski ballet, one of the freestyle disciplines that existed until 1999, was excluded from the programs of official competitions. The ballet consisted of a descent down a gentle slope to musical accompaniment with demonstration of elements of sliding, steps, rotations, and jumps.
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Luge
Luge is a downhill competition on a single or double sleigh on a pre-prepared track. Athletes sit on the sled on their backs, feet first. The sled is controlled by changing body position.
Slide 16
The first Olympic ice hockey tournament took place at the 1920 Summer Olympics. Since 1924, ice hockey has been included in the program of the Winter Olympic Games. The women's ice hockey tournament has been included in the Olympic program since the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano. In 1983, at the IIHF session, the 1920 competition received the status of an independent world championship, but not a separate Olympic hockey tournament. Between 1920 and 1968, the Ice Hockey World Championship was held as part of the Olympic Games.
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