Introduction.

In modern life, the increasing use of physical exercise is aimed not at achieving high results, but at increasing their health-improving effect on the general public. To solve such a global problem, the most effective means are, first of all, sports games.

Basketball is one of the means of physical development and education of youth.

Basketball is one of the most popular games in our country. It is characterized by a variety of movements; walking, running, stopping, turning, jumping, catching, throwing and dribbling the ball, carried out in single combat with opponents. Such diverse movements help improve metabolism, the functioning of all body systems, and form coordination.

Basketball history

The United States of America is considered to be the birthplace of basketball. The game was invented in December 1891 at the YMCA training center in Springfield, Massachusetts. To spice up gymnastics lessons, a young teacher, Dr. James Naismith, born in 1861 in Ramsay, Ontario, Canada, came up with a new game. He attached two bottomless fruit baskets to the balcony railings, into which a soccer ball had to be thrown (hence the name basket, ball). The concept of basketball originated in his school years, while playing duck-on-a-rock. The meaning of this game, popular at that time, was as follows: by tossing one small stone, it was necessary to hit the top of another larger stone with it. Already, as a physical education teacher and college professor in Springfield, D. Naismith was faced with the problem of creating a game for the Massachusetts winter, the period between baseball and football competitions. Naismith believed that due to the weather at this time of year, the best solution would be to invent an indoor game. A year later, D. Naismith, in less than an hour, sitting at his desk in his office, developed the first 13 points of basketball rules:

1. The ball can be thrown in any direction with one or two hands.

2. The ball can be hit with one or two hands in any direction, but in no case with a fist.

3. The player cannot run after the ball. The player must pass or throw the ball into the basket from the point where he caught it, with the exception of a player running at good speed.

4. The ball must be held with one or two hands. Do not use your forearms or body to hold the ball.

5. In any case, hitting, grabbing, holding and pushing the opponent is not allowed. The first violation of this rule by any player shall be recorded as a foul (dirty play); a second foul disqualifies him until the next goal is scored and, if there was obvious intent to injure a player, for the entire game, no substitution is allowed.

6. Hitting the ball with your fist is a violation of rules 2 and 4, the punishment is described in paragraph 5.

7. If both sides commit three fouls in a row, they must be called a goal for the opponents (this means that the opponents must not commit a single foul during this time).

8. A goal is counted if the ball thrown or bounced off the floor hits the basket and remains there. Defensive players are not allowed to touch the ball or basket while shooting. If the ball touches the rim and the opponents move the basket, a goal is scored.

9. If the ball goes into touch (out of bounds), then it must be thrown into the field by the first player who touched it. In case of a dispute, the referee must throw the ball into the field. The thrower is allowed to hold the ball for five seconds. If he holds it longer, the ball is given to the opponent. If either side tries to stall, the referee must give them a foul.

10. The referee must monitor the actions of the players and fouls, and also notify the referee about three fouls committed in a row. He is vested with the power to disqualify players under Rule 5.

11. The referee must watch the ball and determine when the ball is in play (in bounds) and when it goes out of bounds (out of bounds), which side should be in possession of the ball, and any other actions that a referee would normally perform.

12. The game consists of two halves of 15 minutes each with a break of 5 minutes between them.

13. The side that scores more goals in this period of time is the winner.

But already the first matches under these rules caused their changes. Although most of them are still in effect today. Fans on the balconies caught flying balls and tried to throw them into the opponent’s basket. Therefore, shields soon appeared, which became protection for the basket. On February 12, 1892, having studied the rules and mastered the basics of technique, the students of Springfield College, in the presence of a hundred spectators, played the first “official” match in the history of basketball, which ended peacefully with a result of 2:2. Its success was so resounding, and word of the new game spread so quickly that soon the two Springfield teams began holding exhibition matches, attracting hundreds of spectators to their performances. Their initiative was picked up by students from other colleges, and the very next year the entire American northeast was gripped by basketball fever. Already in 1893, iron rings with mesh appeared. The new game turned out to be so interesting and dynamic that in 1894 the first official rules were published in the USA. At the same time, basketball from the USA penetrates first to the East ------------------ Japan, China, the Philippines, and then to Europe and South America. In 1895, free throws were introduced from a distance of 5m 25cm. Dribbling in all its variations was legalized in 1896.

The spontaneous formation of amateur teams and leagues led to the fact that students sought to play exclusively basketball, preferring it not only to such traditional sports as American football and baseball, but also to gymnastics, beloved by college trustees. Officials of the Youth Christian Association, heeding the complaints of opponents of the new trend, did not turn a blind eye to such a blatant violation of the foundations of the educational process and practically slammed the doors of student sports halls. However, their desire to ban a new sport that was rapidly gaining popularity was like trying to manually stop a speeding train.

However, if you wish, you can find a positive side to these prohibitions, because it was they that provoked the holding of the first professional basketball match, that is, a match for money. This happened in 1896, when a team from Trenton, New Jersey, in order to pay the rent of the hall, was forced to sell tickets for its game. Having paid at the end of the meeting with the owners of the premises, the Trentor team discovered that they still had part of the money received from the tickets, which was equally divided between the players, making each of them richer by 15 dollars...

10 years later, at the Olympic Games in St. Louis (USA), the Americans organized an exhibition tournament between teams from several cities. The same demonstration tournaments were held at the 1924 (Paris) and 1928 (Amsterdam) Olympics.

The American Basketball League was created in 1925, and the National Basketball League in 1937. One of the most famous teams of the 1930s, the New York Renaissance, which included black players, won 2,318 games and lost 381 games over 22 seasons. In 1961, the American Basketball League (8 teams) was created, and in 1967, the American Basketball Association (11 teams). After their unification in 1976, the National Basketball Association (NBA) was founded.

The birthplace of domestic basketball is St. Petersburg. This fact is well known and leaves no doubt. The first mention of this game in our country belongs to the famous Russian propagandist of physical culture and sports, St. Petersburg resident Georgy Dupperon, and it dates back to 1901. Back in September 1900, the Committee for Promoting the Moral and Mental Development of Young People was created in St. Petersburg. His program included giving lectures on various areas of human life. And already in 1904, physical education appeared in the committee’s program, which, along with moral and mental development, added physical society. The society was given the name "Mayak". In the report for the year 1907 of his activities (09/22/1906 to 09/22/1907) there was a mention of the invitation to Russia of the American specialist E. Moraller, who told the Mayakovites about a completely new overseas game. It turned out that the best athletes of Mayak were first introduced to basketball. At the end of 1906, the first basketball matches were held in the Society. The winner of the first competitions was invariably the “lilac” team (based on the color of the T-shirts), led by one of the best gymnasts in society, S. Vasiliev, later called the “grandfather of Russian basketball”

Already in 1909, an event took place that became a definite milestone in the history of not only domestic, but also world basketball. A group of members of the American Christian Association came to St. Petersburg. A basketball team was made up of them, which, to the general joy of St. Petersburg residents, lost to the local “purple” team with a score of 19:28. This meeting took place in the new hall of the Mayak society in house No. 35 on Nadezhdenskaya Street (in Soviet times - Mayakovsky Street). It was this historic meeting that was named the first international basketball match in the book “World Basketball,” published in Munich in 1972 for the 40th anniversary of the FIBA ​​basketball federation. Thus, it turns out that Russia became the venue for the first international basketball match on the planet. These two events - the first game, held in 1906, and the first international match in 1909 - gave reason to doubt the date of birth of basketball in Russia. For many years, anniversary tournaments were held, dating back to 1906, right up to the 80th anniversary of Russian basketball. But then one inaccuracy was discovered: in the memoirs of the already well-known “grandfather of Russian basketball,” that first game in 1906, held in the hall of the Mayak society on Nadezhdenskaya Street, was mentioned. It has been established archivally that the new hall of the Mayak society was put into operation a little later. Apparently, on this basis, some hotheads “decided” to consider the date of birth of basketball in Russia not 1906, but, say... 1909! And this after multiple anniversaries on the occasion of the 50th anniversary - in 1956, the 60th anniversary - in 1966, the 75th anniversary - in 1981, and finally the 80th anniversary - in 1986? This question is not idle. It must be resolved by sports historians; they are the ones who can bring the necessary clarity to put a definitive end to this issue.

Thanks to the efforts of the Mayakovites, basketball soon began to spread in other sports societies and educational institutions of the city, and after the revolution it confidently marched across the country and already in 1920 it was included in the school curriculum of Universal Education along with football as a compulsory discipline. In 21, the country's first basketball league was created in St. Petersburg, with F. Jurgenson becoming its chairman. And it was this organization that was the prototype of the current federation, and it was under its auspices that in the same year the city basketball championship was held for the first time.

Future federations carried out a lot of work in organizing all kinds of championships, tournaments, and, since 1923, national championships, first among cities, and then among sports societies. It must be said that Leningrad teams repeatedly became champions: in 1923, both teams - women's and men's, then the women's team in 1935, and the men's team in 1936. In 1955, the Leningrad men's team became the champion of the all-Union indoor competition among the national teams of the Union republics, as well as Moscow and Leningrad. Then our teams won the title of national champions four more times: the Spartak women's team (head coach S. Gelchinsky) - in 1974 and the Elektrosila team (head coach E. Kozhevnikov) - in 1990; The Spartak men's team became the champion of the Soviet Union in 1975, and the champion of the CIS in 1992.

A great contribution to the organization of city basketball, to the problems of the growth of young specialists, to the training of highly qualified Masters who later performed excellently in the national teams of the USSR and Russia, to the training of coaching staff was made first by the basketball section of the city Committee for Physical Education and Sports, then by the Leningrad Basketball Federation ( St. Petersburg). In the pre-war and early post-war years, these organizations were headed by S. Goldstein and M. Krutikov. In subsequent years, the federation was headed by the Honored Master of Sports V. Razzhivin, the secretary of the district party committee G. Semibratov, the responsible employee of the Leningrad City Executive Committee B. Leshukov, the scientist and journalist M. Chuprov and, finally, the tax police general G. Poltavchenko. People of various specialties actively worked as part of a public organization, which was the federation. Their contribution to the development of basketball in the cities on the Neva is enormous. The main directions in basketball: reserve training, performances of master teams, refereeing issues, including the training of referees, and promotion of basketball in the media and on television.

In the 1920s, national basketball federations began to be actively created, and the first international meetings were held. So in 1919, a basketball tournament took place between the army teams of the USA, Italy and France. In 1923, the first international women's tournament was held in France. Teams from three countries took part in it: England, Italy, and the USA. The game is gaining increasing popularity and recognition in the world, and in 1932 the International Federation of Basketball Associations was created in Geneva. Its first composition included 8 countries - Argentina, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Portugal, Romania, Sweden, Czechoslovakia. In 1935, the International Olympic Committee decided to recognize basketball as an Olympic sport. In 1936 he appears in the program of the Olympic Games in Berlin. The guest of honor at the games was D. Naismith. Teams from 21 countries took part in the basketball tournament. The matches were held on outdoor tennis courts, all subsequent Olympic tournaments were held indoors. The US team became the first Olympic champion. The Americans became Olympic champions 11 more times (in 1980, in the absence of the US team, the Yugoslav team won Olympic gold). In Sydney (2000), the American Dream Team was again first. The USSR national team became Olympic champions twice - in 1972 and 1988.

During the Olympics in Berlin (1936), the first FIBA ​​congress was held, where the existing uniform international rules of the game were reviewed and adopted. In 1948, 50 countries were already members of FIBA. With the development of world basketball, the technology and tactics of the game developed and enriched.

In the first half of the 1950s, basketball began to lose its inherent competitive edge. It was necessary to make a number of changes and additions to the rules to revive it. The most important of these additions were:

Introduction of the 30-second rule (the team in possession of the ball must throw the ball into the basket within this time);

Expanding the area of ​​the zone in which offensive players were not allowed to remain for more than three seconds.

The decision to hold the men's world championships was made at the FIBA ​​Congress during the 1948 Olympics in London. The first World Basketball Championship took place in 1950 in Buenos Aires (Argentina). 10 teams took part in the championship. The first world champion was the Argentine team, defeating the 1948 Olympic champion USA. Subsequently, the US team became world champion four times (1954, 1986, 1994, 1998); USSR national team - three times (1967, 1974 and 1982); Yugoslavia team also three times (1970, 1978 and 1990). The Brazilian team became the world champion twice (1959 and 1963).

At the FIBA ​​Congress in Helsinki in 1952 (during the Olympic Games), it was decided to hold the Women's World Championships. The first championship took place in 1953 in Santiago (Chile), and the first champions were American basketball players. The US team won the title of world champions 5 more times (1957, 1979, 1986, 1990, 1999). The USSR national team held the honorary title the same number of times (1959, 1964, 1967, 1971, 1975 and 1983).

Women's basketball made its Olympic debut in 1976 in Montreal. Six teams participated in the tournament. The first Olympic champions were the basketball players of the USSR national team, who became champions twice more, and American basketball players won gold medals four times (1984, 1988, 1996, 2000).

The first European Women's Championship was held in Rome in 1938, which was won by Italian basketball players. The USSR national team became the European champion 21 times (1950-1956, 1960-1991).

The best players in the history of professional basketball: Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Larry Bird, Magic Johnson, Wilton Chamberlain. Modern stars - the unfading Michael Jordan (left the court in 1998), Shaquille O'Neal, Hakeem Olajuwon, Clyde Drexler, Grant Hill, Patrick Ewing, Karl Malone, David Robinson, Charles Barkley, John Stockton. Among the first domestic basketball players to debut in the NBA in the early 1990s were Alexander Volkov (Atlanta Hawks) and Lithuanian basketball stars Sarunas Marciulionis (Golden State) and Arvydas Sabonis (Portland Blazers).

The strongest men's clubs in Europe are: Greek teams - Olympiacos (Piraeus) and Panathinaikos (Athens), Spanish teams - Real Madrid (Madrid) and Barcelona, ​​Russian team CSKA (Moscow), Israeli Maccabi ( Tel Aviv), Italian - Timsystem and Kinder, Turkish - Efes Pilsen and Ulker.

James Naismith created the game of all peoples of the world, a game of speed, dexterity and ingenuity. Basketball, like a spider, has united the entire planet with one web, and this web has not yet been torn, because it is strong. As strong as friendship.

Rulesgames"basketball".

Here are some excerpts from the official rules of basketball.
Basketball is played by two teams, each with five players. The goal of each team in basketball is to score the opponent's basket and prevent the other team from gaining possession of the ball and throwing it into the basket.

The winner in basketball is the team that has scored the most points at the end of playing time.

The basketball court must be a flat, rectangular, hard surface without any obstructions. The dimensions should be 28 meters long and 15 meters wide.

Basketball backboards with a basket must be made of an appropriate transparent material or painted white. The dimensions of basketball backboards should be: 1.80 m horizontally and 1.05 m vertically.

Basketball hoops must be made of durable steel, with an internal diameter of 45 cm. The hoop rod must have a minimum diameter of 16 mm and a maximum of 20 mm. At the bottom of the ring there should be devices for attaching nets.

The basketball should be spherical and orange in color with the traditional pattern of eight panels and black stitching. It must be inflated to such an air pressure that, when dropped onto the playing surface from a height of about 1.80 m, measured from the bottom surface of the ball, it rebounds to a height, measured to the top surface of the ball, of not less than about 1.20 m and not more than about 1.40 m. The circumference of the ball must be not less than 74.9 cm and not more than 78 cm. The weight of the ball must be not less than 567 g and not more than 650 g.

According to the rules of basketball, the game consists of four periods of ten minutes with breaks of two minutes. The duration of the break between halves of the game is fifteen minutes. If the score is tied at the end of the fourth period, the game will be extended for an additional period of five minutes or as many periods of five minutes as necessary to break the tie. Teams must switch baskets before the third period. The game officially begins with a jump ball in the center circle when the ball is correctly tapped by one of the contestants.

In basketball, the ball is played only with your hands. It is a violation to run with the ball, deliberately kick it, block it with any part of the foot, or punch it. Accidentally touching or touching the ball with your foot or leg is not a violation.

If a player accidentally throws the ball from the court into his own basket, the points are credited to the opposing captain.
If a player intentionally throws the ball off the court into his own basket, it is a violation and no points will be counted.
If a player forces the ball to enter the basket from below, it is a violation. A turn occurs when a player holds a live ball on the court and steps one or more times in any direction with the same foot while the other foot, called the pivot foot, maintains its point of contact with the floor.
Each time a player gains control of a live ball on the court, a shot attempt at the basket must be completed by his team within twenty-four seconds.
Here are just a few important excerpts from the rules of basketball. In general, the official basketball rules of the International Basketball Federation are a large hundred-page manual that sets out all the nuances of the rules.

Conclusion.

Basketball has not only health-improving and hygienic significance, but also propaganda and educational significance. Basketball lessons help build perseverance, courage, determination, honesty, self-confidence, and a sense of teamwork. But the effectiveness of education depends, first of all, on how purposefully the relationship between physical and moral education is carried out in the pedagogical process.

Basketball, as a means of physical education, has found wide application in various parts of the physical education movement.

In the public education system, basketball is included in physical education programs for preschoolers, general secondary, secondary, vocational, specialized secondary and higher education.

Basketball is an exciting athletic game that is an effective means of physical education. It is no coincidence that it is very popular among schoolchildren. Basketball, as an important means of physical education and health improvement for children, is included in the general education programs of secondary schools, schools with polytechnic and industrial training, children's sports schools, city departments of public education and branches of sports voluntary societies.

Consolidating the achieved results and further increasing the level of sportsmanship are closely intertwined with mass recreational work and qualified training of reserves of the most talented boys and girls.

The variety of technical and tactical actions of playing basketball and the gaming activity itself have unique properties for the formation of vital skills and abilities of schoolchildren, the comprehensive development of their physical and mental qualities. The mastered motor actions of playing basketball and associated physical exercises are effective means of promoting health and recreation and can be used by a person throughout his life in independent forms of physical education.

Bibliography.

1.Basketball: Textbook for physical education institutes // Under. Ed.

Yu.M.Portnova. - M: Physical culture and sport, 1998.

2. Basketball: Textbook for universities of physical education // Under. Ed. M. Portnova. - M: Physical culture and sport, 1997.

3. Valtin A.I. “Mini-basketball at school.” - M.: Education, 1996.

4. Bondar A.I. Learn to play basketball. - Minsk: Polynya, 1986.

5. John R., Wooden Modern basketball. - M: Physical culture and sport, 1997.

6. Physical education program based on one of the sports // Physical culture at school.-1990.

7.Kuzin V.V., Palievsky S.A., Basketball. Initial stage of training, M.: Physical culture and sport, 1999.

History of basketball. Basic rules of a team sports game. Techniques and tactics of competitions in modern basketball. International achievements of American and Russian athletes. Types of games: streetball, korfball, in wheelchairs.

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Non-state educational institution

higher professional education

"SAMARA HUMANITIES ACADEMY"

Essay

in the discipline: "Physical Education"

on the topic: "Basketball"

Completed by: 2nd year student

Faculty of Economics (group BE-122)

Zyabbarova L.R.

Teacher: Toker D.S.

Samara - 2013

• Content
• Introduction
• 1. History of basketball
• 2. Rules of the game
• 3. Technique and tactics of the game
• 4. Competitions
• 5. Some types of basketball

Conclusion

Bibliography

Introduction

BASKETBALL(from the English “basket” - basket and “ball” - ball), a team sports game, the goal of which is to throw the ball with your hands into the opponent’s ring (basket), attached to the backboard. A hit can bring a team from one to three points. The team with the most points wins the match.

Currently, basketball is one of the most popular sports. The number of officially registered players worldwide exceeds 200 million. The International Basketball Federation (FIBA) in 2002 included 173 countries.

Regular basketball exercises improve coordination of movements, train the respiratory and circulatory organs, develop muscles, and strengthen the nervous system. In many countries around the world, basketball classes are included in the physical training program for students in secondary schools and higher educational institutions.

1. History of basketball

Doctor James Naysmith Dr. James Naismith is known throughout the world as the inventor of basketball. He was born in 1861 in Ramsay, a town near Almonte, Ontario, Canada.

The concept of basketball originated in his school years, while playing “duck-on-a-rock”... The meaning of this game, popular at that time, was as follows: throwing one small stone, it was necessary to hit the top with it another stone, larger in size.

After serving as Athletic Director at McGill University, Naismith moved to the YMCA Training School in Springfield, Massachusetts.

Already, as a physical education teacher and college professor in Springfield, James Naismith was faced with the problem of creating a game for the Massachusetts winter, the period between baseball and football competitions. Naismith believed that due to the weather at this time of year, the best solution would be to invent a game for indoors.

Naismith wanted to create an outdoor game for Christian Worker School students that involved more than just the use of force. He needed a game that could be played indoors in a relatively small space.

And so, in December 1891, James Naismith presented his unnamed invention to his gymnastics class at the Springfield YMCA.

Firsta game. The first game was played with a soccer ball, and instead of hoops, Naismith attached two simple baskets to the balcony railings on either side of the gymnasium, and to top it all off, posted on the notice board a list of thirteen rules that were to govern this new game.

But soon, after the first game, the sheet with the rules disappeared. And, a few days later, one of Naismith's students, Frank Mahon, confessed to the "crime".

“I took them,” Mahon told his teacher.

"I knew this game would be a big success and I took them as a souvenir.

But now I think they should belong to you...”

In 1892, the first Book of Basketball Rules was published, containing 13 points, many of which are still in effect today. Although in some ways the “Naismith rules” differ from modern ones. For example, a match consisted of two halves of 15 minutes each. Dribbling the ball was not allowed by the rules of early basketball: you could only move around the court without the ball, and after receiving it, the player had to stop and either pass the ball to a partner or throw it into the basket. The number of players on a team was arbitrary - “from two to forty” (but always equal to the number of players on the opposing team). The player with the ball could not be attacked - it was only possible to prevent him from disposing of the ball (by jumping, waving his arms and other similar techniques). In case of violation of this rule, a foul was recorded, a repeated foul led to the disqualification of the offender - until a goal was scored. Three fouls in a row committed by any team were recorded as a “goal” in its basket - provided that the opponents themselves did not commit a single foul during this time. At one time, the team also had a goalkeeper guarding the basket, but behind the basket itself there was no basketball backboard that we are used to.

The game quickly gained popularity. Already at the end of the 19th century. Competitions began to be regularly held between teams from different cities and student campuses. Amateur leagues emerged. In 1896, a basketball match was held in the small American city of Trenton, the winning team of which received a monetary reward. Thus was born one of the phenomena of the 20th century. - professional basketball.

In 1898, the first professional association of teams was created - the National Basketball League (NBL). Having existed for five seasons, it broke up into several independent leagues.

NBA (National Basketball Association). At the beginning of the 20th century. American blacks were prohibited from playing for or against “white” basketball teams, although amateur basketball was then cultivated mainly in New York’s “black” Harlem and the black ghettos of other large US cities. Managers of professional teams for a long time did not pay attention to the black giant players, who, thanks to their natural flexibility and jumping ability, demonstrated incredible technique.

In 1922, the first professional team consisting entirely of black players, the New York Renaissance (or simply the Rens), was created in Harlem. Black basketball players easily beat white college teams. In 1927, a historic meeting between the New York Renaissance and the Bolton Celtics took place. A series of seven matches ended in a draw (the teams won three victories and tied one game, which was then allowed by the rules). After a short time, no one in America would dare to claim that basketball was a sport “for whites only.”

At the time of the founding of the NBA, basketball in America was far from the most popular sport. But the number of his supporters constantly grew, and in the late 1970s the NBA reached unprecedented prosperity. Today, the NBA Championship is essentially the World Club Championship among professionals, although formally only 27 American teams and two Canadian clubs that joined them in 1995 participate in it.

The NBA is currently considered the most successful of all professional sports organizations in the world. The NBA management strives to maintain interest in the Association championship through various organizational measures. One of them is the draft system, established back in the 1940s. Every year, clubs replenish their ranks with newcomers, and the draft structure is such that the weakest club at the moment has a better chance of acquiring the strongest rookie basketball player. According to modern rules, players who are already 18 years old can participate in the draft.

2. Rules of the game

The game takes place on a rectangular platform 28 m long and 15 m wide (previously its dimensions were 26x14 m, respectively) with a special ball. basketball rule tactics competition

The mass of the ball is 567-650 grams, the circumference is 749-780 mm (in games of men's teams; in games of women's teams smaller balls are used, and even smaller in mini-basketball matches). Basketballs come in two types: intended for playing only indoors (indoor) and universal, i.e. suitable for use both indoors and outdoors (indoor/outdoor). The basket (a metal ring with a diameter of 45 cm with a net stretched over it without a bottom) is mounted at a height of 3.05 m on a backboard mounted on a stand parallel to the end lines of the court.

The match starts in the center of the court. The referee throws the ball straight up between two players of the opposing teams. The moment they touch the ball (the ball cannot be picked up), the playing time begins. After each whistle from the referee, the stopwatch stops and starts again when the game resumes. (Accordingly, in basketball there is a distinction between a “live ball” and a “dead ball”.) The playing time is recorded by the referee-timekeeper. Previously, matches under the auspices of the International Amateur Basketball Federation (FIBA) consisted of 2 halves of 20 minutes of pure playing time. According to the new rules adopted in 2000, the match consists of four halves of 10 minutes of net time each (in the NBA - four halves of 12 minutes each) with 2-minute breaks between the first and second, third and fourth halves, a break in the middle of the match - 15 minutes.

Previously, a player could hold the ball for an unlimited time. In the 1960s, a 30-second (FIBA) and 24-second (NBA) limit was introduced: after it expires, the team loses the ball. According to FIBA ​​rules of 2000, teams are also given no more than 24 seconds to attack. The judging panel includes a so-called 24-second operator, who monitors compliance with this rule. In addition, there are also the “three-second rule” (how long a player of the attacking team can be in the opponent’s limited zone, which is sometimes called the “3-second zone”) and the “eight-second rule” (during this time the team that has gained possession of the ball on her half of the court, must transfer him from the back zone to the front zone).

There are no draws in basketball. If at the end of the main time of the match the score is equal, an additional 5-minute period is assigned - overtime. If neither team achieves victory in overtime, another additional five minutes is assigned, etc. An exception is possible if teams, according to the competition regulations, hold paired matches (according to the so-called cup system): then the first match can be considered a draw, and the winner in the pair is determined by the results of the second game.

An accurate shot into the basket from a position behind the arc, carried out at a distance of 6.25 m from the backboard (in the NBA - 7.27 m), is worth three points. This arc is also called the "three-point line." All other throws (including those from under the shield) are worth two points. If the ball is thrown into the basket, but the opposing team's players block (catch or return) it directly above the basket, the points are counted as if the shot had reached the goal. Often, referees have to play a dropped ball during a game. The ball is considered disputed in the following cases: if two opponents hold the ball tightly and neither of them can take possession of it without breaking the rules; if the ball went out of bounds from two players of different teams (or the referee was unable to accurately determine which player touched the ball last); if the ball is stuck between the backboard and the ring, etc. Depending on the situation, a held ball can be played either between the direct participants in the “dispute” or between any two players of the opposing teams. A player taking part in a held ball cannot be replaced.

Basketball rules have several restrictions regarding the technique of dribbling the ball. After dribbling, a player can only take two steps with the ball in his hands without hitting the floor. Then he must either throw the ball into the hoop or give it to a partner. On the third step, a run is called and the ball goes to the other team. If the basketball player stops with the ball in his hands and, instead of throwing into the basket or passing to a partner, starts dribbling again, a double dribble is recorded and the ball also goes to the opponent. The player in possession of the ball may stop and then continue moving again, provided that he continued to tap the ball on the floor while stopping. The ball in basketball can be dribbled alternately with one hand or the other, but not with both hands at once. If a player receives the ball while standing still, or stops after receiving the ball, he is not allowed to lift his supporting foot off the floor before he releases the ball from his hands.

From each team, five players perform on the court at the same time, another five to seven basketball players are on the bench during the game. The number of substitutions in basketball is not limited, but they can only be made at the moment when the stopwatch is stopped.

According to FIBA ​​rules, in official competitions players wear numbers from 4 to 15. The numbers "1", "2" and "3" are not currently used as numbers. Among the special gestures used by referees during the match, there are also gestures with these numbers: for example, when the referee indicates a violation of the “three-second rule” or indicates how many free throws a player of the injured team must take. In the same way, on his fingers, the referee shows the match secretary the number of the player who is punished with a personal remark. In order to avoid confusion, it was decided to abolish numbers 1, 2 and 3.

Basketball rules prohibit hitting an opponent's hands, pushing him, holding him with his hands, stepping on his feet, or meeting him with a foot (both straight and bent at the knee). A player who commits any of these violations is given a personal reprimand (foul). If an athlete receives five fouls during a match (six in the NBA), he is removed from the field for the remainder of the match and replaced by one of the reserve players.

A double foul is declared when players from both teams simultaneously violate the rules: both basketball players receive personal reprimands, and the ball remains with the team that had it at the time of the violation, or a held ball is played. There are also: technical foul (for unsportsmanlike behavior, not only basketball players on the court, but also the coach and substitute players can be subject to such punishment - for arguing with the referee, trying to start a fight, etc.), intentional foul (in particular , for rough play or a deliberate mistake in a game situation fraught with scoring), etc.

The heaviest penalty in basketball is the so-called disqualifying foul. It is declared for a serious violation and entails the disqualification of the player and his removal from the court for the rest of the game, regardless of the number of fouls he already had (another basketball player comes in to replace him).

If a personal foul was committed against the player making a shot at the hoop, or a technical foul was recorded, the referee, in addition to a personal reprimand to the offending player, also awards free throws. Depending on the nature of the violation, the throws are performed either by the victim himself or by one of his teammates. Free throws are taken from a special point 6 m from the goalpost. Each accurate shot is worth a point, so two free throws can earn two points.

Modern basketball rules include clauses such as “game forfeited” (a team is forfeited if one player remains on its roster) and “game forfeited” (in a situation where a team refuses to start - or continue the game after the corresponding signal from the referee).

At the very beginning, basketball had only 13 rules, now there are more than 200. They are periodically reviewed by the FIBA ​​World Technical Commission and then approved by the Federation's Central Bureau. Their last major revision occurred in May 2000.

The rules define only the basic principles of the game; they cannot provide for all possible game situations. In addition to the set of rules themselves, there are also their official interpretations, which stipulate the possible interpretation of the rules in various controversial issues. The match referee has the right to make an independent decision in situations that are not specified in the rules.

For all official international competitions, the rules approved by FIBA ​​apply. They are slightly different from the NBA rules.

3. Technique and tactics of the game

In modern basketball, the following playing roles are distinguished: point guard; attacking defender, small and heavy forwards, as well as a center (or centre-forward).

A point guard is also called a "playmaker" or "conductor". Point guards control the ball more than other players and lead the game for the entire team. They are required to have excellent vision of the court, delicate dribbling and a subtle passing game. Attacking defenders not only start their team’s attack, but often finish it with long-range throws. Forwards usually attack from the edges of the court, while centers attack from close range. Center forwards, as a rule, are the tallest players in the team, their main function is to fight under their own and others' shields.

The center's role has acquired a truly cult status over time. The Soviet school of centers has always been one of the strongest in the world, giving the world such outstanding players as Otar Korkia, Janis Krumins, Alexander Belov, Vladimir Tkachenko, Arvydas Sabonis and others.

Currently, in basketball, universal masters are extremely valued, who, if necessary, can play not only in their position. The concept of “team player” is also very important. Legendary center Bill Russell's dedication to team play allowed him to lead the Boston Celtics to 11 NBA championships. His eternal rival Wilt Chamberlain (Philadelphia Warriors) was not inferior in class to Russell, but preferred to play “for himself” rather than “for the team,” and as a result he became the NBA champion only once.

Depending on how the game is going, the coach may at some point make changes to the usual tactical formation (the 2-1-2 “scheme” is considered standard): for example, put two or three centers on the court at the same time. The success of a team is determined not only by the individual skills of the players, but also by the correctly chosen tactics. A classic example is the final of the 1972 Olympic tournament. Realizing that his players were inferior to US basketball players in terms of their playing conditions and physical characteristics, the head coach of the USSR national team, Vladimir Kondrashin, built a defensive game, imposed “his basketball” on the opponent, which ultimately brought success to the Soviet team.

In basketball, there is a distinction between zone and personal (personal) defense. In the first case, each player takes care of any opponent located in the area (zone) of the court assigned to him. With personal defense, each basketball player takes care of “his” player. The so-called pressing is extremely effective - an active type of defense in which opponents are guarded not only in the immediate vicinity of their shield, but also on the far approaches to it, sometimes throughout the entire court. The purpose of pressing is to prevent the opponent from calmly playing the ball and carrying out an attack.

Fighting under the backboard is of particular importance in modern basketball. The well-known basketball commandment says: “Whoever wins the backboard wins the match,” and one of the main statistical indicators of a basketball player’s performance - be it an individual match or the entire season - is the number of so-called rebounds and blocked shots.

A player's individual skill is made up of many components. Dribbling, i.e. dribbling the ball, including without visual control, which allows the player to instantly assess the changing situation on the court. Various feints that mislead the opponent: deceptive movement of the ball, arms, legs, the whole body, turning the head, looking, etc. Passing game. The so-called hidden pass is especially valued - passing the ball without looking at the partner to whom it is addressed. Another technique from the arsenal of basketball masters is a behind-the-back pass (holding the ball behind his back, the player throws it over his partner’s head). Throws in basketball are carried out both from a place and in motion. There are many varieties of them: a jump shot, a “hook” shot (the hand of a player standing sideways to the opponent’s basket moves in an imaginary arc), a throw into the basket from above, etc. Along with the technique of handling the ball in basketball, the ability to play correctly without the ball is extremely important .

Basketball technique has been developed over decades. For example, at the end of the 19th century. the players passed to each other with only two hands from the chest, and made the throw in the same way or “from under themselves.” Such a seemingly natural technique as throwing the ball with one hand was first used only in the 1930s and produced a genuine revolution in the game.

When there were no (time) restrictions on attacking, basketball was a very slow game. This is confirmed by the “microscopic” results of the matches, which often did not go beyond 15-20 points on each side. Basketball at the beginning and middle of the last century was characterized by a leisurely play of the ball, and the success of the team was largely determined by the individual actions of the leading players. As a rule, these were the tallest athletes. For a long time, basketball was considered exclusively the sport of giants. There are indeed many of them among former and current basketball “stars”. For example, the tallest athletes in the history of Soviet basketball had incredible height: the player of the Alma-Ata “Burevestnik” Uvais Akhtaev - 238 cm, and Alexander Sizonenko, who played for the Kuibyshev “Stroitel” - 239 cm. But over time, they also began to have a noticeable influence on the game smaller players, called "babies" in basketball. They are extremely mobile, resilient and have excellent reactions. The famous Bob Cousy compensated for his lack of basketball height with filigree technique; for his masterful dribbling and passing, he was nicknamed “The Houdini of the basketball court” and “The Nimble Wizard.” Michael Jordan, considered the best basketball player of all time, is also not a giant by basketball standards: his height is “only” 198 cm. Nevertheless, he fought on equal terms with taller opponents and for his incredible “flights” over the court he received the nickname “Their Airness” ".

Before the adoption of the “3-second rule,” the attack was often built according to a very simple tactical scheme: the tallest player of the attacking team was located in close proximity to the opponent’s hoop and, having finally received the ball, sent it to the basket. The introduction of the “3-second rule” forced basketball players to look for other options for attack development and to make more active use of medium and long-range shots. And with the introduction of a 24-second limit on attacks and a ban on returning the ball to one’s backcourt, the pace of the game noticeably increased, the passing game became of great importance, the technique and sniper qualities of players began to be valued no less than their height.

Sometimes even non-compliance with the rules is used as a tactical device. For example, a losing team at the end of a match deliberately breaks the rules: thanks to rebounds and subsequent skillful counterattacks, it can change the score in its favor. In the same way, the team leading the score can, at the end of the match, refuse free throws and put the ball into play from behind the side line (the rules allow such a “substitution”). This allows the team to buy time and maintain the winning score.

4. Competitions

International basketball competitions. In June 1932, the International Basketball Federation - FIBB, later renamed FIBA, was created in Geneva.

In 1935, the first European Championship was held there, in Geneva, and the Latvian team won it. Three years later, the women's European tournament debuted. Italian basketball players became the first champions of the continent. Currently, European championships are held every two years. Most often, the Soviet teams won them: men's - 14 times, women's - 20.

World Championships for men's teams have been held since 1950, for women's - since 1953. The first world champions in history were, respectively, the Argentine national team and the US national team. Currently, the world championship is played every 4 years. The USSR team, like the Yugoslav team, won world gold three times (1967, 1974 and 1982). Soviet basketball players became first 6 times. FIBA also holds world championships for junior and junior women and men under 22 years of age. In addition, the official FIBA ​​calendar includes a number of competitions, including regional ones: both among national teams and among clubs.

Basketball at the Olympics. At the III Olympic Games in St. Louis and at the IX Olympic Games in Amsterdam, exhibition basketball matches were held with the participation of American athletes. The Olympic debut of men's basketball took place in 1936 at the Games in Berlin, where Dr. Naismith was the guest of honor. The basketball tournament attracted a lot of attention. Teams from 21 countries took part in it. The American team won. The US team won every Olympic tournament without exception until 1972, winning 63 matches and not losing a single one. In the dramatic finale of the Munich Olympics, the previously invincible Americans lost to the USSR team. In 1976 and 1984, the Americans were again first. At the Olympic tournament in Moscow, the Yugoslav team won. In 1988, the USSR basketball players again became the first. Starting from the 1992 Olympics, professional basketball players were officially allowed to participate in the Games. The US Olympic team, made up of NBA stars, was dubbed the “Dream-team” even before its roster was announced. She fully met the hopes of her fans and won a convincing victory at the 1992 Games. The “dream team” repeated its success at the next two Games.

Women's basketball was first included in the Olympic program in 1976 at the Montreal Games. The first then, as then at the 1980 and 1992 Games, was the USSR national team. All other Olympic tournaments were won by the US team.

Basketball in Russia. At the beginning of the 20th century. Member of the St. Petersburg Society for Promoting the Moral, Mental and Physical Development of Young People "Mayak" Stepan Vasilyevich Vasiliev translated basketball rules into Russian. “The grandfather of Russian basketball,” or, as he was also called, “Russian Naismith,” Vasiliev was as versatile an athlete and no less an enthusiast of the new game as its founder. Vasiliev persuaded his Mayak teammates to play a test game. The historic match took place in St. Petersburg in December 1906. It was attended by the “green team” and the “lilac team,” named after the color of the athletes’ T-shirts. “The purple team,” led by Vasiliev himself, a little later won the first basketball competition in Russian history and several subsequent ones. St. Petersburg and Moscow became the center for the development of domestic basketball. In 1909, the first official tournament in Russia was held. In the same year, the first international match took place - with the founders of basketball, the YMCA team. (According to some sources, this game was the first international match in the history of world basketball.) The Russian team won a sensational victory.

The first basketball league - already in Soviet times - was created in Petrograd in 1921. In 1923 the first official tournament was held. Until the end of the 1930s, city teams competed in all-Union competitions. The first club championship in the country's history was won by the Dynamo Moscow team.

After the Great Patriotic War, basketball in the USSR became one of the most popular and widespread sports. At different times, the leaders of domestic basketball were Riga SKA, CSKA, Leningrad Spartak, Kaunas Zalgiris. Soviet clubs won the European Cup and the Cup Winners' Cup more than once.

In 1947, the USSR Basketball Section (later the USSR Basketball Federation) joined FIBA. That same year, the USSR national team successfully competed at the European Championships and won gold medals. The Soviet team has always been considered one of the strongest in the world. At her first Olympic tournament, our team gave serious competition to the US team and took second place. At the 1956, 1960 and 1964 Olympics she also received silver, in 1968 - bronze, and in 1972 she won the Olympic tournament for the first time, defeating the US team in the final by a minimal margin of 51:50. In 1976 - again "bronze", in 1980 - "silver". In 1988, Soviet basketball players repeated their golden success, beating the US team on the way to the final. But in the 1990s, the Russians performed unsuccessfully at the Olympic basketball tournaments.

The international debut of Soviet basketball players took place in 1935. One of our club teams beat the French in Paris with a crushing score of 60:11. The shocked organizers of the match invited our basketball players to play with the men's team. This game also ended in victory for the guests - with a difference of 6 points.

The women's team, created in 1950, had no equal for a long time. Only at the second World Championship (1957) and the sixth European Championship (1958) were Soviet basketball players second. They invariably won all other tournaments: world championships 5 times and European championships 20 times. And in 1976, the women's team under the leadership of Lidia Alekseeva (formerly one of the strongest basketball players in the USSR, who led the national team as a coach for 25 years) became the first team in history to win the Olympic tournament.

In 1990, the Russian Basketball Federation (RFB) was created, which over time became the legal successor of the USSR Basketball Federation. Basketball CSKA is still not giving up its positions. Serious competition for the famous army club now consists of Ural Great (Perm), UNICS (Kazan), Lokomotiv (Mineralnye Vody). The traditions of our great basketball players are continued by the current “stars” of domestic basketball: Igor Kudelin, Andrei Kirilenko, Vasily Karasev, Zakhar and Egor Pashutin, Sergei Panov and others.

Currently, over 4 million people play basketball in Russia (half of them are schoolchildren).

The Soviet (Russian) basketball school is still considered one of the strongest in the world. Tactical innovations and theoretical studies of older generation specialists (such as the famous coach Alexander Gomelsky, nicknamed “Papa” or the founder of the “Leningrad school” of basketball Vladimir Kondrashin) are recognized in many countries. Lidiya Alekseeva became the first Russian basketball player whose name is immortalized in the women's basketball hall of fame in Knoxville.

5. Some types of basketball

Mini basketball. The rules of mini-basketball were developed in the early 1950s by American Jay Archer. The game is intended for children 6-12 years old and is divided into two levels: mini-basketball (age group 9-12 years old) and micro-basketball (for children under 9 years old). The playground and equipment are adapted for children's age. The length of the platform is 28 m, the width is 15 (options: 26ґ14, 24ґ13, 22ґ12 and 20ґ11 meters). The baskets are mounted at a height of 2 m 60 cm, the backboard itself is also smaller than in classic basketball: 1.2-0.9 m. The ball weighs 450-500 grams, the circumference is 680-730 mm (for children under 9 years old the weight of the ball is 300- 330 grams, and the circumference is 550-580 mm). The markings of the playing court for mini-basketball correspond to the markings of a standard basketball court, but there is no line limiting the 3-point zone, and the free throw line is drawn at a distance of 3.6 m (option: 4 m) from the backboard.

Mini-basketball is played by teams of five players each, although “reduced” squads are also allowed - up to 2ґ2. Matches are often held between mixed teams (including both boys and girls). The game lasts four halves of 6 minutes. The rules of the game themselves are somewhat different from classic basketball. In mini-basketball, for example, net time is not recorded and the “three-second rule” does not apply.

FIBA has a special commission for mini-basketball, and there is also an International Committee for mini-basketball. Currently, it includes representatives of 170 countries, mini-basketball is cultivated in North and South America, Australia, Asia and Europe - in total in 195 countries of the world. In 1965, the first mini-basketball world championship took place.

In 1973, a mini-basketball committee was created under the USSR Basketball Federation. A year later, the country's first mini-basketball festival took place in Leningrad. Currently, the All-Russian Minibasket club holds a number of national (Russian Cup, etc.) and international competitions.

Wheelchair basketball. Appeared in 1946 in the USA. Former basketball players, who were seriously wounded and mutilated on the battlefields during World War II, did not want to part with their favorite game and came up with “their own” basketball.

It is now played in more than 80 countries. The number of officially registered players is 25 thousand people. The International Wheelchair Basketball Federation (IWBF) holds various sporting events: the World Championship - every 4 years; annual club team tournaments, zonal competitions (once or twice a year), etc. Wheelchair basketball has been included in the Paralympic Games program since the first such Olympics were held in Rome in 1960.

The rules of wheelchair basketball have their prohibitions and restrictions. For example, “jogging” is prohibited - when a player spins the wheel with his hand more than twice while dribbling the ball.

Streetball (from the English "street" - street). A more dynamic and aggressive sport than classic basketball. The game involves two teams of three players each (sometimes with one substitute) on a special streetball court or on a regular basketball court, using only one half of it - and, accordingly, only one ring. In case of a miss, the team that previously attacked the ring protects it from the opponent’s attack, etc. Which team will start the game is determined by lot. The game continues until one of the teams scores 16 points (but the gap in the score must be at least 2 points). Sometimes they play until there is a gap of 8 points or for a time (20 minutes) - in this case the 30 second rule applies: if during this time the team fails to complete the attack, the ball goes to the opponent. A team is awarded a point for a successful shot, and two points for a shot from the 3-point zone. A ball thrown into the basket is counted only if it is touched by two players of the attacking team. The ball then goes to the defending team: play resumes as soon as one of its players touches the ball. In this case, the ball must first be taken outside the 3-point line. Jogging, double dribbling and shooting from above are prohibited.

Streetball tournaments are now being held in various cities of Russia, often timed to coincide with major city holidays.

Korfball(from Dutch korf - basket). This game was invented in 1902 by a school teacher from Amsterdam, Nico Breekhuysen. Two teams of 8 people each (4 men and 4 women) play on a 40-20 m court, divided in half by a center line, in two halves of 30 minutes. Four players (2 men and 2 women) are on their half of the court and defend their basket, four are on the opposing team’s half, their task is to hit the “other’s” hoop. After two successful shots, the defenders move into the attacking zone and vice versa. Korfball is a less contact game compared to basketball. Moreover, according to the rules, a man can only play against a man, and a woman can only play against a woman. Dribbling in korfball is not allowed, and the player who has taken possession of the ball can take no more than two steps with it. The diameter of the ring is narrower than a basketball one (40 cm), and it is attached higher (3.5 m). (There is a more “large-scale” version of the game: with a larger area, number of players, etc.).

Korfball is extremely widespread in Holland (more than 100 thousand people constantly play it, more than 500 clubs are registered, participating in national tournaments) and its neighboring countries. Over time, korfball has gained recognition all over the world, including in Russia, and is currently included in the program of the World Games. Since 1933, the International Korfball Federation (IKF) has been operating, currently officially recognized by the IOC and other international sports associations.

Conclusion

Basketball has not only health-improving and hygienic significance, but also propaganda and educational significance. Basketball lessons help build perseverance, courage, determination, honesty, self-confidence, and a sense of teamwork. But the effectiveness of education depends, first of all, on how purposefully the relationship between physical and moral education is carried out in the pedagogical process.

Basketball, as a means of physical education, has found wide application in various parts of the physical education movement.

In the public education system, basketball is included in physical education programs for preschoolers, general secondary, secondary, vocational, specialized secondary and higher education.

Basketball is an exciting athletic game that is an effective means of physical education. It is no coincidence that it is very popular among schoolchildren. Basketball, as an important means of physical education and health improvement for children, is included in the general education programs of secondary schools, schools with polytechnic and industrial training, children's sports schools, city departments of public education and branches of sports voluntary societies.

Consolidating the achieved results and further increasing the level of sportsmanship are closely intertwined with mass recreational work and qualified training of reserves of the most talented boys and girls.

The variety of technical and tactical actions of playing basketball and the gaming activity itself have unique properties for the formation of vital skills and abilities of schoolchildren, the comprehensive development of their physical and mental qualities. The mastered motor actions of playing basketball and associated physical exercises are effective means of promoting health and recreation and can be used by a person throughout his life in independent forms of physical education.

Bibliography

1. Basketball: Textbook for institutes of physical education // Under. Ed. Yu.M. Portnova. - M: Physical culture and sport, 1998.

2. Basketball: Textbook for universities of physical education // Under. Ed. M. Portnova. - M: Physical culture and sport, 1997.

3. Valtin A.I. "Mini basketball at school." - M.: Education, 1996.

4. Bondar A.I. Learn to play basketball. - Minsk: Polynya, 1986.

5. John R., Wooden Modern basketball. - M: Physical culture and sport, 1997.

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7. Kuzin V.V., Palievsky S.A., Basketball. Initial stage of training, M.: Physical culture and sport, 1999.

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Basketball: Basics of Training Irina Orlan

(estimates: 1 , average: 5,00 out of 5)

Title: Basketball: Basics of Training

About the book “Basketball: Basics of Learning” Irina Orlan

The textbook presents methodological principles for teaching the technique and tactics of playing basketball; basic and auxiliary tools used in the learning process; sets of exercises for the development of coordination and conditioning qualities; abstracts of educational and training sessions are presented as regulatory documents for organizing the educational process; requirements for writing a plan - a summary, as well as methods of self-control, as a safety factor in basketball lessons; methodology and mechanics of refereeing basketball matches. The material presented in the textbook will greatly assist students in organizing and conducting basketball classes as part of the educational process in higher educational institutions.

On our website about books lifeinbooks.net you can download for free without registration or read online the book “Basketball: Basics of Learning” by Irina Orlan in epub, fb2, txt, rtf, pdf formats for iPad, iPhone, Android and Kindle. The book will give you a lot of pleasant moments and real pleasure from reading. You can buy the full version from our partner. Also, here you will find the latest news from the literary world, learn the biography of your favorite authors. For beginning writers, there is a separate section with useful tips and tricks, interesting articles, thanks to which you yourself can try your hand at literary crafts.

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Conclusion

The purpose of the course work was to systematize the knowledge gained in pedagogy classes.

The object of the course work was knowledge in the field of physical education in the game of basketball.

The subject of this work was the process of processing knowledge into a form possible for teaching (training sessions).

To achieve this goal, the following tasks were solved:

1) Theoretical material on the game of basketball has been studied.

2) The acquired knowledge on the topic of basketball is compared with knowledge in the field of pedagogy;

3) A system of theoretical basketball lessons has been developed.

To solve the problems, the method of studying and analyzing literature on the research topic was taken as a basis.

The first chapter reviewed the existing literature on the history of basketball.

The second chapter was practical, devoted to developing a system of basketball classes, drawing up thematic planning and writing detailed plans - notes.

During the study, the following conclusions can be drawn:

1. The initial stage of teaching basketball to primary school children is a pedagogical process that contains two sides that complement each other - training and independent work. Moreover, when working with children of primary school age, training is of predominant importance.

1. The main tasks at the initial training stage are to ensure the comprehensive preparedness of students and their mastery of the information received.

2. The curriculum based on the use of the game of basketball had a positive impact.

3. Teaching young athletes the history of basketball has two main goals: introducing children of primary school age to the history of basketball and attracting them to specialized departments of youth sports schools.

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