Municipal budgetary educational institution
Basic secondary school No. 55
Skis and skiing in our lives
We learned to ski when we were 7 years old. At our school, ski training is a mandatory part of physical education lessons in winter. As soon as snow falls, in our village of Medvedevo, small and large skiers can be found on the sports ground, in the forest. We were curious, who invented skis and when? How many types of skis are there in the modern world? And why are skis lubricated? We decided to do some research. We learned to ski when we were 7 years old. At our school, ski training is a mandatory part of physical education lessons in winter. As soon as snow falls, in our village of Medvedevo, small and large skiers can be found on the sports ground, in the forest. We were curious, who invented skis and when? How many types of skis are there in the modern world? And why are skis lubricated? We decided to do some research.
Introduction
Expand your area of personal knowledge on the topic “Skiing”.
- Expand your area of personal knowledge on the topic “Skiing”.
- Find answers to your questions.
- Determine experimentally the effect of ski waxes on gliding.
- Find out children's attitudes towards sports.
- To prove to the children by example the importance of physical education and sports in our lives.
Research objectives:
Collect information from the history of skiing.
- Collect information from the history of skiing.
- Find out what types of skis there are.
- Find out the effect of ski waxes on gliding.
- Learn how to prepare skis for skiing in practice.
Research objectives:
Skis are an amazing invention of primitive man. Skis are an amazing invention of primitive man. In distant historical times, it was very difficult to get food and move from one settlement to another in winter through deep snow. Then the man discovered that by tying two specially shaped pieces of wood to his feet, he could move faster through snow-covered fields and forests. The history of skiing goes back several thousand years. This is confirmed by cave paintings in caves in Norway, made about 7,000 years ago. Many centuries later, skis began to be used by the armies of the Scandinavian countries, then by the military in Russia.
History of skiing
There are several types of skis, all of them are designed for different purposes, have different shapes, lengths, weights, and are used in different sports.
Since the invention of skis, people have sought to improve their glide. Since the invention of skis, people have sought to improve their glide. In ancient times, skis were lined with animal skins. This coating ensured good forward sliding while preventing reverse slipping. Over time, people came up with the idea of lubricating skis with wax and lard, and gliding improved significantly.
Ski ointment
Nowadays, no one treats skis with natural fats; everyone uses special ski ointments. Modern ointments are divided into two types: gliding lubricants and grip lubricants. Each ski wax is applicable at a certain air temperature.
Wooden skis must be impregnated with a special resin, then they do not get wet when skiing on warm days and the snow sticks to them less.
- Wooden skis must be impregnated with a special resin, then they do not get wet when skiing on warm days and the snow sticks to them less.
- Plastic skis glide well, but in both directions. Therefore, for a classic stroke, grip lubricant must be applied to the central part of the ski. Apply sliding lubricant to the remaining surface. When skating, the entire surface of the skis must be covered with a gliding lubricant.
We have experimentally established:
This Gounde pack for ski wax includes red wax for weather (+1° - 0°), purple for (0° - 3°), blue for (-3° - 9°) and a rubbing plug. In practice, in different weather, I used all types of ointment and found out: This set of Gounde pack for lubricating skis includes red ointment for weather (+1° - 0°), purple for (0° - 3°), blue for (- 3° – 9°) and a grinding plug. In practice, in different weather, I used all types of ointment and found out:
- If the skis slip during the classic course, you need to put a warmer ointment under the block on top of the old one and rub it with a cork.
- If the skis run poorly or don’t run at all, it means the ointment was chosen incorrectly and does not match the air temperature. You need to remove the old ointment with a scraper and apply a new one.
- Skiing is a very necessary and useful sport. Skiing strengthens the body, develops endurance, strength and agility.
- For people of any age, skiing provides vigor and cheerfulness, restores good sleep and appetite.
- By skiing, people learn to overcome difficulties and strengthen their character; this is especially important for children.
Skiing and health
Sports in my life Classes in the sports section Participation in regional competitions Ski races for the prizes of G.F. Ilyin II place Participation in regional competitions Ski track of Russia - 2018 II place Sports in my family Yakovlev Ivan Aleksandrovich Boyarintseva Galina Egorovna My achievements Skis are an amazing invention of primitive man.- Skis are an amazing invention of primitive man.
- In the modern world, there are more than five types of skis used for various purposes and in various sports.
- To improve ski glide, it is necessary to use special ski lubricants correctly.
- Skiing improves your health.
The significance of the project We would like our classmates to be captivated by our personal example, so that they can clearly see that achieving noticeable results in both sports and studies cannot be achieved by chance.
Yakovlev Alexander, 7th grade student
Head – Valentina Ivanovna Belkova, physical education teacher
Resources:
- 1. Magazine “Skiing”;
- 2. Free encyclopedia Wikipedia (Internet site).
- Physical education grades 8-9 Authors: V.I. Lyakh, A.A. Zdanevich
Back forward
Attention! Slide previews are for informational purposes only and may not represent all the features of the presentation. If you are interested in this work, please download the full version.
In the “PRESENTATION” on the main menu (slide No. 2) there are six buttons in the form of a sun and clouds, as well as a girl with a hoop (GIF animation). Each button has its own section that you need to familiarize yourself with, with the exception of the button - a girl with a hoop - this is a button for physical exercise (this is a link to a video on the Internet - “Morning exercises with Ekaterina Serebryanskaya”). Physical exercise can be done when the teacher deems it necessary, but no later than in the middle of the lesson. Each section has text information, pictures and photos, in the “Russian Olympians” section there is a video “Finish of the Olympic champion - Alexander Legkov” (original video - from the You Tube site, editing - mine). When you are viewing a particular section and, at the end of the section, a red button appears, you need to click on it, and you will return to the Main Menu (slide No. 2) to continue exploring other sections. In addition to the red button, there are also buttons for moving or returning to a particular slide. In the summary, I will focus on the various buttons that appear in certain sections.
Slide viewing order.
(the order of pressing the “Main Menu” buttons - slide No. 2)
- Safety regulations.
- Traveling on skis.
- Physical exercise.
- Russian Olympians.
- Test.
ATTENTION! Pictures and photos animate on the slide on their own, so don’t rush to click the “next” button. Text information, on the contrary, needs to be changed with a mouse click after reading the text.
(The video is compressed due to the presentation size limit, so the video quality is average)
The purpose of the lesson: Instilling healthy lifestyle skills through a more detailed acquaintance with skiing.
Lesson objectives:
- Conducting safety briefings during ski training classes.
- Familiarization (theoretical and visual) with the types of movement on cross-country skiing.
- Activation of physical activity through physical education.
- Activation of cognitive activity by viewing slides about one of the Russian skiers - champion of the Winter Olympic Games, Alexander Legkov.
- Activation of cognitive activity and control of acquired knowledge, as well as assessment of the level of attention and memorization (according to information from the presentation) through a game test.
Equipment: Laptop, subwoofer, multimedia projector and screen (or interactive whiteboard).
Additional materials: Game testing protocol ( Appendix No. 1), an emoticon showing “Cool!” - 15 pieces ( Appendix No. 2), emoticon with index finger – 15 pieces ( Appendix No. 3), 2 baskets (both signed – “Basket of Success” and “Basket of Wishes”).
During the classes
I. Organizational moment.
Construction. Submission of the report. Greetings.
II. Determining the purpose of the lesson. Goal setting.
Guys, name one of the natural phenomena that occurs in our area every year during a certain season. (If you find it difficult to answer, then ask guiding questions or hints: - This phenomenon occurs in winter.) - That's right, snow.
Name winter sports equipment that can be used to move around in winter conditions (snow, ice).
Well done! Right! These are skis, skates, sleds, snowboards.
What winter sports are included in the school curriculum? (Ski training, speed skating training).
Guys, do you know which winter sport has the best effect on the human body - on motor qualities, on internal organs and systems, on moral-volitional qualities and the emotional state of a person, his mood?
That's right, this is skiing!
Slide show (slide No. 1)
I think you will learn a lot about skiing today!
III. Main part of the lesson
Slide number 2. Go to the “Main Menu”.
Pay attention to what we will get to know more closely today...
Remember where we start a new section of the program? (Children: “- From safety precautions”).
And today is no exception! I’m the first to choose a cloud – these are “SAFETY RULES”.
I want to warn you guys that after watching the presentation, a test will be conducted based on the information from the presentation, so be careful and remember the information received.
Click on the button - the “SAFETY RULES” cloud.
(Text information from the slide is read by the teacher or a pre-selected student (with good diction and expressive reading)).
There are 12 points in the section. A red button appears on the last slide of the section; you need to click it and you will return to the “Main Menu”.
Now guys, your choice of cloud.
For example, the children chose “Skiing”.
Click the “Skiing” button.
From the Main Menu (slide No. 2) we get to the secondary menu “Skiing”
(slide No. 17) - on this slide there are six types of skiing. Each type of movement is a button that you need to click on and familiarize yourself with. Follow the arrow, i.e., first click on “Movement styles”, then on “Turns”, “Descent from the mountain”, “Climbing up the mountain”,
11“Braking” and “Overcoming obstacles”. On all slides of various types of movements, a button appears in the form of a gold coin with a drawn skier - when it appears, you need to click on this button and you will return to the secondary menu “Movements on skis” (slide No. 17).
Slide No. 17
Another secondary menu appears when you press the “Movement Styles” button (slide No. 18). The return button to this menu is the ski glove.
So, let's continue the lesson.
In the “Movement on Skis” section, we begin to get acquainted with the styles of movement on skis - we press the button of the same name, having first asked the students whether they know the basic styles of movement on cross-country skis.
A slide appears with two styles - classic and free.
Click on the “Classic Style” button.
People have been moving in the classical style since the birth of skiing.
Let's get acquainted with the classic style of movement.
The “classic style” includes those types of movement in which the skier travels almost the entire distance along a pre-prepared ski track, consisting of two parallel tracks.
- “Classical” ski moves are divided according to the method of pushing off with poles into alternating and simultaneous.
When the ski glove button appears on the slide, click on it and we will return to the slide “Basic styles of movement on cross-country skiing” (slide No. 18).
Click the “Free Style” button.
Skating methods of transportation have been widely used since 1981, when Finnish skier Pauli Siitonen, who was then already over 40, first used it in competition - in a 55 km race and won. Now this style of movement is more popular than the classic one due to its high speed of movement.
Let's get acquainted with the free (skating) style of movement.
- “Free style” implies that the skier is free to choose the method of movement along the distance. But, since the “classic” move is inferior in speed to the “skate” move, “free style” is, in fact, synonymous with “skate move”.
The movements of a skier are similar to those of a speed skater, hence the name of the style - skating.
When the ski glove button appears on the slide, click on it and we will return to the slide “Basic styles of movement on cross-country skiing” (slide No. 18). And there a button is already waiting for us - a coin with a drawn skier and we, by clicking on it, return to “Movements on skis” (slide No. 17). Further - everything is faster.
Press the next button in the direction of the arrow – “Turns”.
Push steering is used to change the direction of travel (or braking) when driving in mountainous terrain.
A “walk-over” turn is used to change the direction of travel when driving over rough terrain.
Press the next button in the direction of the arrow – “Descent from the mountain”.
Descending from a mountain requires the athlete to maintain balance and a stable position in a certain stance. There are racks: main, high and low. It is convenient to make turns and braking from the main rack. A high stance is used to reduce speed, and a low stance is used to increase speed.
Click on the coin button and return to “Skiing”.
Press the next button in the direction of the arrow – “Uphill”.
There are many ways to climb a mountain. You became familiar with the “ladder” climb in elementary school. There are also “herringbone” and “half-herringbone” climbs - they are used for climbing a steep hill.
Click on the coin button and return to “Skiing”.
Press the next button in the direction of the arrow – “Braking”.
Today we are getting acquainted with two types of braking: “plough” and “stop”. We got acquainted with the “stop”, or it is also called the “semi-plough”, in the “Turns” section, therefore, with the “stop” you can both turn and brake. Plow braking is used when going straight down.
Click on the coin button and return to “Skiing”.
Press the next button in the arrow direction – “Overcoming obstacles”.
To maintain stability on slopes, when encountering depressions, holes and mounds, contact with snow is an important condition. To do this, the skier uses springing movements with his legs and balancing movements with his torso and arms. Question for you guys: what is the name of the Olympic skiing sport associated with overcoming holes, bumps and depressions? ( mogul)
Then, click on the coin button and return to “Skiing”.
Exit “Skiing” to the “Main Menu” using the red button (in the upper right corner of the slide).
I suggest you guys stretch out a little! Do you mind?!
We click on the girl with the hoop and conduct a physical education session.
And again my choice - I choose the sun! This section will tell us about the impact of skiing on the body of those involved.
Click on the “Healthy Lifestyle” button.
Skiing is very popular in Russia.
Every year, skiing festivals are held throughout the country with a huge number of participants in this wonderful winter holiday. Guys, tell me, what is the name of this festival? (Russian ski track)
Skiing promotes health and strengthening of the body.
Guys, what internal organs and systems of human internal organs do you know?
(Lungs and respiratory system, heart and circulatory system, nervous system, musculoskeletal system)
Who knows how walking and skiing affect human organs and organ systems?
(the functioning of internal organs improves, the musculoskeletal system develops)
We reach a slide with information:
During ski training classes, all physical qualities are developed.
Tell me, what physical qualities of a person do you know?
(coordination abilities (dexterity), endurance, speed (speed qualities), flexibility, strength))
We look through the slides “physical qualities” and then move on to “moral and volitional qualities,” and the “Healthy Lifestyle” section ends with slides about the “emotional and aesthetic impact of skiing on a person.” A red button appears in the upper right corner - click on it and return to the “Main Menu” (slide No. 2)
We no longer have to choose anything, and therefore, before starting the test game, we just have to get acquainted with the last “cloud” - “Russian Olympians”.
Tell me, guys, does anyone know the names of the skiers of modern Russia who have won gold medals at the Winter Olympics since 1993?
(Mikhail Ivanov, Yulia Chepalova, Evgenia Medvedeva-Arbuzova, Nikita Kryukov, Alexey Petukhov, Evgeny Dementyev, Alexander Legkov)
Click the “Olympians” button.
Today we will meet one of the Olympic champions - Russian skier Alexander Legkov. At the Winter Olympics held in Sochi in 2014, Alexander won the 50 km freestyle race.
Let's meet the Olympic champion, Russian skier - Alexander Legkov.
Alexander was born on May 7, 1983 in the city of Krasnoarmeysk, Moscow Region, into a sports family. Mother, Irina Nikolaevna Legkova, is a physical education teacher at school. Father, Gennady Viktorovich Legkov, played football and Russian hockey. The older brother, Viktor Legkov, was a biathlete.
On March 5, 2010, Legkov received a letter of gratitude from the President of the Russian Federation for his services in the development of physical culture and sports, high sporting achievements at the Games of the XXI Olympiad 2010 in Vancouver.
On February 24, he was awarded the Order of Friendship for his great contribution to the development of physical culture and sports, high sporting achievements at the XXII Olympic Winter Games in 2014 in Sochi.
He has the sports title - Honored Master of Sports of Russia, which was awarded to him after successful performances at the XXII Olympic Winter Games in 2014 in Sochi (February 17, 2014).
Every year, as part of the Russian national team, Alexander participates in the World Cups, where he takes leading positions.
Participated in five World Championships. In 2007, at the World Championships in Sapporo (Japan), in the 4 x 10 km relay race, as part of the team, he took 2nd place.
He also performed at three Winter Olympics. At the Olympics in Vancouver (Canada) in the skiathlon (skiing race in two styles alternately - first 15 km in the classical style, then, changing skis and poles in a specially designated place, the athletes run another 15 km) stopped one step away from the podium, taking 4th place...
And now - the long-awaited VICTORY at the Winter Olympics in Sochi! Only the will to win, the desire to overcome difficulties and be successful, many years of training and perseverance helped Alexandra win! And, undoubtedly, pride in Russia and love for the fatherland! Knowing that not only his family and friends, but also the whole country were rooting for him and worried about him, he could not lose!
On the last slide there is a video “Finish of the Olympic champion - Alexander Legkov”.
Information about Alexander Legkov has been exhausted, and we leave this section using the red button in the lower left corner of the slide and return to the “Main Menu” (slide No. 2).
And now we will play with you! Let's divide into two teams (we choose two captains and they choose their teams).
Attention! I will ask each team questions in turn. For the correct answer - 1 point. Which team answers the most questions and thereby scores more points – that team wins! I need an assistant - a secretary (choose a willing student) - he will keep score of the game. The most active team players will be awarded an excellent grade!
IV. The final part of the lesson.
Click on the button - a cloud with a question mark.
The test has a total of 12 questions, each question has 4 answer options. The teams answer one by one. We give the right to answer a team once; if the answer is incorrect, then the right to answer goes to another team.
Using the game-testing protocol, we assign points for correct answers.
The first question appears on the slide, click “next” - 4 answer options appear.
When answering, click on the red button opposite the answer option. The result is immediate. If the answer is correct, then a slide with applause appears, you click on the red button in the lower left corner and move on to the next question. If the answer is incorrect, then go to another slide, and also click on the red button in the lower left corner, and return again to this question so that the second team gives you its answer. If the second team answered incorrectly, then for the third time, returning to this question, you yourself click on the correct answer (the correct answers are written below) and only then move on to the next question.
Button to go to next question button to return to slide with question
Correct answers to the test:
1. C 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. D 6. B 7. C 8. A 9. D 10. D 11. D 12. B
If the teams' results are the same, it's a draw! Friendship won!
(“Two stars, one wish”)
Guys, you have two emoticons. On the back of the emoji that says “Cool!” write what you liked about the lesson, and on the other emoji write what you didn’t like. Who wrote, put emoticons in baskets: in the “Success Basket” - emoticons with what you liked, and in the “Wishes Basket” - emoticons with what you didn’t like or with what you want to wish.
Homework: Find out which Russian skier has become an Olympic champion in cross-country skiing since 1993? Information about Olympic champions - first name, last name, where, when and in what discipline (in which race) did you win the title of Olympic champion?
Thank you for the lesson. Goodbye.
The effectiveness of ski training at school largely depends on the proper organization of lessons and preliminary preparation for them. Preliminary preparation for lessons begins long before they begin (usually from the first days of the school year) and includes the following activities: preparation of material resources, explanatory work with parents and students, development and execution of educational documentation, selection and preparation of most classes, individual preparation teachers. Preparation of the material base includes: equipping a ski storage (storage) and repairing old and purchasing new ski equipment. The quality of ski equipment, its correct storage, quick delivery for lessons and reception after lessons largely determine the clear organization and effectiveness of ski training lessons as a whole. Each school must have a designated room (ski storage, ski storage, storage room) for storing ski equipment. Such a room must be equipped with racks for mounting skis. You can use different types of racks and ways to secure skis in them. The main thing is that they take up little space, are spacious and convenient for quick dispensing and putting (fastening) back after lessons. Racks must match the size of the skis and be numbered. In addition, before the start of ski lessons, it is necessary to replenish the school equipment with new skis, boots and poles. For a productive educational process, a secondary school should have 100-150 pairs of skis of various sizes from 105 to 165 cm, and high school students already use large skis (180-210 cm). It is very important for learning the technique of skiing that the skis and poles match the students’ height, especially in mastering descents, braking and turns. Moving on skis with poles that do not correspond to the student’s height makes it very difficult to learn ski moves: landing, pushing, and even the entire structure of the move are disrupted. Every schoolchild selects skis in the simplest way: by stretching his arm up, he should reach the toes of the skis. Class locations should be as close as possible to the school and protected from the wind, which will sharply reduce the time spent on transitions and allow it to be used more productively for academic work. This is especially important in the lower grades.
In a rural school, this issue is resolved simply: classes usually take place near the school. Lessons in a city school are held in parks, squares, nearby stadiums and sports grounds, and in junior grades - usually in the school grounds. As snow falls, training tracks and slopes are constantly rolled down, the necessary ski tracks are laid for the work of the school section, and in January, after the holidays, ski training lessons are held on these circles. The preparation of educational documentation is carried out by the teacher in stages.
Before the start of the school year, thematic planning documents and a schedule for the distribution of educational material for the year by quarters, including ski training, are drawn up. Before the start of preparation, educational documentation for the third quarter is drawn up. Based on the program, the teacher draws up a work plan for ski training. When distributing material among lessons, it is necessary to ensure continuity between individual lessons so as to create a unified system of lessons for studying individual methods of skiing. Each lesson provides for the study or improvement of moves, as well as ski technique and the development of physical qualities. It is also planned to report theoretical information here. Then specific tasks for each lesson are determined; Based on the quarterly plan, lesson plans are drawn up.
The complexity of the tasks is determined by the level of preparedness of the students: with a conscious and active attitude towards learning, they must solve the problems posed in the lesson. Accessibility and at the same time sufficient complexity in mastering the material stimulate the desire of schoolchildren to further master the technique of skiing.
In the lesson notes, it is necessary to determine the most rational sequence in solving the assigned tasks. After this, means and methods of training and development of physical qualities are selected. Planning should always be specific, taking into account the given population of students, their preparedness and health status, as well as the availability and remoteness of study sites, equipment, inventory and climatic conditions. Preparation of the outline begins with the development of the main part of the lesson, where, in addition to the means and methods of teaching and training, it is necessary to indicate the approximate dosage of exercises (in terms of movement time or number of repetitions). When planning the load, the teacher should focus on students of average readiness: if necessary, appropriate changes can be made during the lesson, taking into account individual load tolerance and increasing fatigue. The outline provides methods for organizing students when performing various exercises during training, repetition of material and development of physical qualities, when moving along educational or training ski tracks, when practicing on the slopes, etc. Following the main part, introductory-preparatory and final parts of the lesson are developed. After this, homework is planned. When conducting a lesson, various mistakes may be identified that students make when mastering the technique of moves; This must be taken into account and appropriate adjustments and additions must be made to homework. Homework may include exercises to develop physical qualities and improve the technique of movement. Individual teacher training consists of several sections: increasing the level of theoretical knowledge and improving methodological skills, as well as increasing physical performance. The teacher must systematically expand his knowledge by getting acquainted with new literature on skiing. This will allow him to make changes to the planning of a ski training lesson, to the teaching methods and development of physical qualities, taking into account new recommendations. Constant replenishment of knowledge will contribute to increasing the effectiveness of teaching and training both during lessons and in extracurricular activities. The teacher’s creative approach to lessons based on new knowledge, the introduction of new exercises and methodological techniques in teaching will have a positive effect on increasing the interest of schoolchildren in ski lessons and skiing, and will increase their activity and consciousness.
There is probably not a person in our country who does not know what skiing is. Each of us has come across this sport in one way or another: maybe at school, or on winter walks with friends, or at least on TV. Moreover, in Russia, with its snowy winters, skiing is a very popular pastime.
Moreover, in Russia, with its snowy winters, skiing is a very popular pastime.
But how did skiing begin? Let's dive into history and find out a brief “biography” of skis.
Where did skis appear and how did they develop?
This sports equipment, like many other items, has its own “ancestors”. Thus, the ancestors of modern skis were special devices that helped ancient people move on the snow. As you understand, at first skis served far from sporting purposes - they simply helped people move more efficiently and quickly, hunt, and so on.
According to some sources, the very first skis were found in Russia about 4000 (!) years ago.
Around the 6th century AD, the first written evidence of the use of skis began to appear, still for the purpose of faster movement on the snow. Since the design of the skis was very simple, and the equipment itself provided great opportunities, it soon gained popularity in many countries around the world.
Well, the first use of skis for sporting purposes dates back to the 18th century, when ski training began in Norway, and after this the first ski competitions.
Since then, skiing has begun to develop intensively, and now in almost every country, especially in those where winters are similar to ours, there are ski clubs, bases, and competitions are regularly held in this sport, which has also long been included in the list of “school” sports. sports disciplines.
Why are skis needed at school?
Physical education lessons consist of a set of elements taken from various sports, for example, athletics, basketball, volleyball, and so on. The program is designed so that students can develop physically in different ways and try themselves in a wide range of sports.
The inclusion of skiing in the school curriculum helped expand the list of school sports disciplines and diversify sports activities for children.
Therefore, now, with the onset of the winter season, children, under the guidance of a teacher, go outside and begin to learn the basics of ski training. Some people like it, others not so much, but with a competent teacher’s approach, as well as the availability of convenient and safe equipment, absolutely every child can be instilled with a love of skiing.
What are the benefits of skiing for children?
For both children and adults, ski training is a very useful pastime in all respects. Among the positive aspects of skiing are the following:
Physical development. Skiing strengthens muscles and skeleton, helps develop balance, coordination and agility. Excellent for joints and ligaments. Despite the apparent simplicity of the training, ski training involves a large number of muscles, and the whole body learns to work harmoniously and accurately.
Benefit for health. This point is closely related to the previous one. In addition, such training forces the cardiovascular and respiratory systems to work actively, which is first-class disease prevention. Also, skiing is an excellent “cure” for excess weight, and people who have been practicing this sport since childhood will most likely be free from weight problems in the future.
Benefits for the psyche. Even a short skiing trip can lift your spirits and energize you for a long time! This is due to the fact that while skiing in the fresh frosty air, the body actively produces endorphins (hormones of happiness), normalizing the mental state and giving a huge amount of strength. For schoolchildren who spend a lot of time in stuffy classrooms, sitting at desks or at home doing homework, this is especially necessary.
V. Ananiev, who in the 80s and 90s was the Russian state coach for ski racing in the Samara region, chairman of the regional and city ski racing federations, talks about the history of the creation of one of the strongest ski teams in the Samara region, the sports club “ Volga": its founders, coaches, leading skiers. In the article " We are all from the Volga» magazine « Skiing in the Samara region.
In Kuibyshev (Samara) in 1962, on the basis of the largest defense plant named after Maslennikov, the first production SC "Volga" was opened! Popular and mass sports were cultivated in it: football, hockey, skiing, boxing, athletics, gymnastics, wrestling, rowing, sailing and tourism.
Modern sports facilities for that period were built: a stadium, a gym, sports facilities and pioneer camps. The SK ski base was located in the Lyapidevsky pioneer camp, which was located on the second clearing next to the rest house " Drummer"and Central Park. The camp had good skiing and cross-country trails, connecting with the trails of the park and rest house, and overlooking the hills along the banks of the Volga.
Skiing in the 60-70s in the city and region was very popular and widespread. Many competitions of district, city and regional significance were held. The competition between insurance companies and KFC was very serious. Among the leading insurance companies: “ Metal», « Gull», « Firework», « Spark», « Sunrise», « Wings of the Soviets and others, SK "Volga""was always in the lead!
The first chairman of the IC was a well-known person in sports circles - Semyon Lvovich Kinzburgsky - “ Honored Worker of Physical Culture", who later became the chairman of the regional council of the DSO " Work" Following Kinzburgsky, the chairmen of the Investigative Committee were: Viktor Shibaev, Vladimir Plaksin, Alexander Chernobay and Viktor Darayev - “ Honored Trainer of Russia"(in boxing). Darayev Viktor trained the first bronze medalist of the 1974 World Championship, MSMK Evgeniy Yudin and many other great boxers.
With good support from the management of the plant and the factory committee, he paid great attention to the development of other sports, especially cross-country skiing. Skiers are universal athletes; they could compete in athletics, football, rowing, and other sports. The first ski coach of SK " Volga" was Viktor Nikolaevich KotmyshevMSUSSR - winner and prize-winner of city, regional and zonal competitions.
He assembled a very friendly team of factory athletes who trained in the evenings, after work, in Central Park, and on weekends at the Frunze glade and ski resorts “ Gorelyi Khutor" And " Dynamo" The first composition of ski masters of the SK " Volga": Balashov Gennady, Kotmyshev Victor, Elisenkov Alexander, Goldtrakh Joseph, Melnikov Alexey, Machkasova Lyudmila, Sidorova Maria, Sarov Alexey, Shlykova Tamara, Nedelina Nadezhda, Maychenkova Lyudmila, Utina Tatyana and others.
In the mid-60s, new additions came to the factory team: Peskovs Vyacheslav and Nikolay, Pelipenko Yuri, Vagin Gennady, Nemtsov Nikolay, Sadykov Rashid, Kotkova Nina, Zakharova Nina, Semenov Anatoly, Shreiber Yuri, Shubina Nina, Silaev Alexander - who became later the leading racer of the USSR and champion of the 1968 Universiade.
SK athletes " Volga» confidently declared themselves with victories in personal and relay races at city, regional, zonal and all-Union competitions. Many of them fulfilled the standards of the USSR MS and KMS. The SK team began to practice holding training camps with release at the plant and trips to the first snow in Zlatoust, Perm, to all-Union competitions - “ White Sea Games" And " Holiday of the North».
In the late 60s and early 70s, the coaching staff strengthened. In SK " Volga“famous coaches Alexander Ivanovich Nemchinov, Alexander Vasilievich Ageev, Nina Petrovna Kotkova came. Thanks to the efforts of these trainers, the glory of “ Volgovsky“skiers rose to the all-Union level. The leading skiers of the plant became winners and prize-winners of all-Union and international competitions.
I would like to list by name all the athletes who brought glory to their sports club, city and region: Nikolay Mishukov, Alexey Melnikov, Gennady Vagin, Vyacheslav and Nikolay Peskovs, Mikhail Nesterov, Ivan Rasskazov, Dmitry Prokhorov, Alexey and Sergey Chernovs, Vladimir Merkulov, Anatoly Khazov , Krasnov Vitaly, Kotov Anatoly, Buylin Valery, Bikkulov Kamil, Vasiliev Andrey, Skorokhodov Anatoly, Rodionov Ivan, Melyakin Valery, Rodionov Alexander, Veselov Mikhail, Potapov Alexander and Sergey, Kotkova Nina, Zakharova Nina, Koroleva Natalya, Letyagina Galina, Chernova Valentina , Olga Khazova, Nina Klementyeva, Raisa Zakharova, Nadezhda Matveeva, Olga and Tatyana Suraevs, Olga Nesterova, Svetlana Episheva and others.
SK coaches " Volga» collaborated fruitfully with teachers of technical schools where their students studied. At the end of the 80s in SK " Volga" Vladimir Mikhailovich Medvedev came to work - " Honored Trainer of Russia" He coached the adult team, N.P. Kotkova coached the youth team.
Over the 4 years of their work, SK " Volga"became the winner of competitions for newspaper prizes three times" Volzhskaya commune" The most dedicated ski racers later moved on to coaching and teaching and trained many excellent athletes and simply skiing enthusiasts.
The most noticeable mark in skiing of the region from the athletes of SK " Volga“Of course, Kamil Bikkulov, Nina Petrovna Kotkova and Nikolai Alexandrovich Mishukov left. BikkulovKamil is an active racer, MS RLLS. For SK " Volga"started performing more than 30-40 years ago. When he became a veteran, his talent and hard work were confirmed at the national and international level.
He is a two-time bronze medalist at the world championships, in individual and relay races. Multiple winner and prize-winner of the Russian and Volga Region Championships. And he is not going to end his career with this. May God grant him health and good luck for many years to come! During her coaching life, Nina Petrovna Kotkova trained 10 MScs of the USSR and Russia, more than 20 CCMs. Among them: Natalya Koroleva, Alexey Kuznetsov, Eduard Bykov, Julia Bevololova, Egor Kalyanov, Olga Novoselova.
Currently, Nina Petrovna is retired and moved to the city of Sterlitamak. Coach N.A. Mishukov after " Volga“Moved to SKA-16 - where he performed for a long time and successfully, where he became the winner and prize-winner of many competitions. During his coaching career, he trained more than a dozen masters and champions.
Among them are Akhmedyanov Fanil, Ignatieva Galina, Chuikova Eatherina, Dotsenko Anastasia and other ski masters. He took a direct part in inviting Irina Skladneva, Grigory Menshenin, and Elena Kalugina to the Samara region. With their move to our region, we entered the leading group in Russia in the team competition.
For many years he worked as chairman of the regional cross-country skiing federation. Currently, he is working fruitfully in the national team of the Samara region with promising athletes. As we see, " Volgovsky“The victorious spirit remains in the hearts, works and thoughts of all its representatives and the glory of the famous sports club will remain for many years!
Since the founding of the SC " Volga"54 years have passed.
2014 has traditionally been a bright and eventful year for skiing in the Samara region. In February, at the Olympic Games in Sochi, Anastasia Dotsenko, a graduate of the Togliatti ski school, competed as part of the Russian team. This is further evidence that our region has strong traditions in skiing, coaching staff, and talented athletes.
This means we can train high-level skiers. At the same time, Dotsenko at one time left Tolyatti and represented the Republic of Tatarstan at the Olympics. The outflow of athletes is one of the existing problems and our task is to create conditions for athletes so that they do not leave the region. We are working in this direction, in particular, the province has a system of social support for athletes and coaches, and financial support is provided to the Samara Region Ski Federation, which is involved in the development of this sport.
Traditionally, many events take place among skiing enthusiasts, in which athletes of various ages take part. It’s nice that the regional cross-country skiing federation pays attention to sports veterans and attracting children and youth to sports (see. Appendix 3).
Skiing at the Zavolzhskaya school
In our region, where the winter is quite long and snowy, skiing is one of the most accessible and widespread forms of physical education. Our school is located in the most picturesque corner of the Volga region. The sports traditions of the Zavolzhskaya school date back to 1969, when its building was opened. Local natural conditions and the landscape of flat and rough terrain with overcoming ascents and descents of varying steepness create favorable conditions for physical education and skiing.
Skiing lessons have educational value. During classes, skiers acquire new knowledge, skills and abilities related to skiing (they study the theory of skiing, patterns of training, hygiene during physical exercise, etc.). Physical activity during skiing is very clearly dosed both in volume and and by intensity.
Our school has developed two main forms of work on skiing - ski training and skiing. Ski training is a mandatory minimum of skiing classes for physical education at the educational institution. Ski training is carried out on the basis of state programs and provides training for children, adolescents, young men and the entire adult population of the country in skiing techniques, compliance with training and control standards, including the standards of the GTO complex, which characterizes the physical fitness of all age groups in the country.
In the process of ski training, a mandatory minimum of knowledge is acquired on the basics of skiing techniques, methods for developing general performance, preparing for competitions, etc.; skills of independent study and instructor practice are instilled. Skiing is one of the most popular sports cultivated at the Trans-Volga school.
The school has a section " Skis", in which almost all primary school students study. The most popular competition among high school students is: rural cross-country skiing " Snowflake", regional cross-country skiing and " Russian ski track» in Samara. The main goal of skiing at our educational institution is to achieve physical perfection and the highest sports results.
The educational value of skiing is also extremely great. In all types of skiing activities - in lessons, in training, in competitions or just on walks - the most important moral and volitional qualities are successfully cultivated: courage and perseverance, discipline and hard work, the ability to endure any difficulties, which is especially important in preparing young men for service in the ranks of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
Skis are of great practical importance for the future adult life of students in everyday life in conditions of long and snowy winters, where they are used by hunters and foresters. The accessibility of skiing makes it very popular among schoolchildren and young people. Descents from slopes of varying steepness are especially attractive.
The Zavolzhskaya school has always paid great attention to the development of skiing. For many years, skiers from our school have taken prizes in individual and team competitions at regional competitions, and also show decent results at regional ski races.
This is a great merit of the first physical education teacher of the Zavolzhskaya school, Maria Lyudvigovna Krasavina. Having worked at the school for 33 years, Maria Lyudvigovna graduated many generations of physically and morally healthy students, many of whom graduated from the Faculty of Physical Education of the now Volga Region State Social and Humanitarian Academy. This baton was accepted and carried with dignity by Maria Ludvigovna’s student Natalya Gennadievna Antonova, who at the time of the study has been working for the eleventh year.
IN Appendix 4 The final tables of the study of the results of the participation of skiers from the Zavolzhskaya school in regional competitions in individual and team competitions are presented. In 2015, a team of skiers from the Trans-Volga school, consisting of Sergey Prosvirnin, Anastasia Fedotkina, Maria Serpukhova, Victoria Fedotkina and Atrem Yegorikhin, took part in the regional stage of the XXXIII open All-Russian mass ski race " Russian ski track».
Types of skiing
1. Ski race. This sport is included in the main program of the Winter Olympic Games. It is high-speed skiing over certain distances and includes many elements of skiing: ascents, high-speed descents, bends, turns. At the same distance, depending on the speed of movement, the skier’s technique can change repeatedly.
2. Biathlon. It is a combination of cross-country skiing and rifle shooting. A biathlete must be fluent in the technique of high-speed skiing, as well as shooting skills. Shooting skills play a very important role, because... This part of the performance occurs after intense physical activity. Shooting accuracy depends on many factors: positioning, aiming technique, ability to hold your breath correctly and fire a shot.
3. Ski jumping. It is a downhill race and a jump from a specially equipped structure - a springboard. Springboards typically have different design power (i.e., possible jump distance). The result of the jump depends on the distance and technique of execution. The distance of the jump is measured in meters and then converted into points, which are added to the points for the technique. The winner is determined by the maximum amount of points.
4. Nordic combined. It is a combination of cross-country skiing and ski jumping with a capacity of 90 meters. The result in biathlon is the sum of the indicators for each of these elements.
5. Skiing. It includes 3 subtypes: slalom, giant slalom and downhill.
Each of the subtypes is a descent at high speed along a specially marked distance on the slope with the obligatory overcoming of artificially created obstacles (“ gate» from the checkboxes). In addition to the existence of each type of alpine skiing separately, competitions in alpine combined and triathlon are also held.
Olympic skiing is described in more detail in Appendix 5.
Skiing technique
There are two significantly different skiing techniques. Like swimming, skiing was once all about speed, not technique. Now it is important to swim faster, for example, crawl or butterfly. Also in skiing. Once upon a time there was only one style of skating - classic. About 30 years ago, a new style of skiing began to develop - skating. Since 1988, this style has become part of the Olympic Games.
Development of skating style
Let's fast forward to the 1950s. Since the early 1850s, when the classic style of two-stick skating was established, the sport has grown rapidly through the performances of famous athletes, gaining popularity faster than any other sport (such as running or swimming). Skis improved more and more, and athletes began to study physiology and methods of preparing for competitions. However, the development of skating techniques gave impetus to the development of other techniques.
In the 1960s, special machines appeared that laid ski tracks. Previously, this was done by the military - the tracks for competitions were prepared by hundreds of soldiers on skis. The ski track consisted of two depressions; skiers had to keep their skis parallel, pushing off alternately with their right and left feet. However, around the same time, Finnish policeman Pauli Siitonen began experimenting with the skating technique, when an athlete holds only one ski on a ski track and pushes off with the other foot.
Of course, with this technique, the leg quickly got tired, and it had to be changed. This method of skating was called the “Siitonen Step” or “half-skate”. When skiers, especially those who were training for sprinting because they had strong legs, began experimenting with new techniques on machine-made tracks, they discovered that by pushing off alternately with their right and left legs, they could move 10% faster - This is how the skating style was born.
So what's the difference?
In a classic sprint, the skis must be parallel to the direction of travel, and the skier moves in “steps” similar to a normal step, but with each step there is a slight push-off and glide. The feeling is as if you were sliding on a smooth floor in socks! This technique is preferable for beginners, as it is easier to learn than the skating technique; it is more natural and requires less physical preparation.
The skating technique is more similar to ice skating or roller skating. To move, you must push off with the edges of your skis and then slide. In this technique, pushing off with sticks and developing muscles plays a big role.
Classical technique and skating at the Olympic Games.
The new skating technique was not always popular. When it first began to be used in the 1970s, supporters of the traditional technique protested, since they considered the new technique unfair, forcing skiers to move on an unprepared track.
Competition organizers even prevented the use of skating techniques by installing special barriers such as beams or nets along the edges of the track. However, the style continued to grow in popularity and in 1984 the International Ski Federation (ISF) legalized the style and it was included in the 1988 Olympic Games. Now the Games included both classic and free (skiers choose their own skiing technique) styles of skiing at distances from 1.5 to 50 km.
Although both classical and skating techniques are now fully recognized as Olympic sports, both styles are still controversial. Recently a new type of competition has been developed that combines both styles. Such competitions are held over two days: on the first day, participants must cover 15 km in the classical style, and on the second, the same distance in skating.
This type of competition is called “pursuit race”, here the distance between skiers on the second day of competition is determined based on the results of the first day. Some believe that the "pursuit" should be included in the Olympic Games. However, due to the busy competition schedule, it is proposed to combine both race days into one.
Athletes will have to quickly change skis and boots after completing half the course - it is believed that this will add a new element to the sport. However, there are also opponents of such innovations. They believe that this could lead to confusion among spectators, and the essence of the competition will be only about who can change equipment faster, and not about the skill of the athletes. Be that as it may, the two techniques of classical and skating certainly continue to bring variety and competition to a sport that has a traditional past and a modern future.
Various types of classic and skating moves are presented in Appendix 6.
Organization and judging of competitions
High results of athletes are determined not only by good physical preparation, lubrication and equipment, but also by good prepared track. It should not have a lot of steep climbs, nor too steep descents with sharp turns, so the site for preparing the route should be chosen carefully. Nowadays, artificial snow is used at world competitions, but at lower level competitions, ski slopes are laid in winter and spring on real natural snow.
A big problem at world competitions is that the athletes starting in the last numbers run on a route broken up by the athletes who started first. Because of this, they show results that do not reach the podium. Therefore, the layer of snow on which athletes run must be as dense as possible.
Competitions may be postponed due to low temperatures, heavy snow and fog. If competitions have begun, but conditions do not allow them to continue, they can be canceled or postponed with the consent of the leaders or their representatives.
The direct conduct of the competition is entrusted to panel of judges. Its composition is determined " Rules» taking into account the scale and significance of each competition.
- main judge;
- chief secretary;
- deputy chief judge for courses - head of courses;
- competition doctor
The team of judges at the start includes the starter and his secretary.
- timekeeper;
- timekeeper's secretary;
- finish judge;
- secretary of the finish judge;
- judge - finish recorder;
- chief timekeeper.
Before the start of each major competition, a meeting of team representatives is held, the agenda of which includes the following issues:
- representation of officials, panel of judges, jury members, technical delegate;
- description of the ski stadium - entrance, ski markings, start, finish, relay transfer area, exit;
- characteristics of the route - profile, places for intermediate timing, food points, accessibility, safety issues;
- time and routes for training;
- time, place and rules for ski testing;
- checking applications, including dividing participants into groups;
- holding a draw;
- weather forecast;
- general information from the technical delegate and competition organizer.
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