"SE Internet" begins a series of publications devoted to the basics and history of the new Olympic sport - golf.
Golf is a popular sport all over the world in which the player, using various types of clubs, must hit the ball into the hole using the least number of strokes. And so 18 times.
Golf is one of the few sports in which the main opponent of any player is not his opponent, but himself and what surrounds him.
Golf is one of the few ball games that does not require a standard tee. On the contrary, golf is played on courses, each of which has an original design. The only mandatory requirement is the presence of 9 or 18 holes. A hole is called both the hole itself in the ground where the ball is rolled, and a specially prepared area several hundred meters long, and consisting of a starting area - tee, a main area - fairway and a green area with with a hole cut into it. These zones are distinguished from each other by the presence of obstacles - tall grass (rough), flowers, bushes, trees, sand bunkers and water barriers.
At the start of the game, a ball with the player's identification mark is placed on the starting tee. Golfers often use a wooden or metal support for comfort. From the tee, the player must hit the fairway, drive the ball along it with a few shots (depending on the type of site) and end up on the green - an area with perfect grass on which the ball rolls without interference. In order to hit the ball into the hole from the green, a special type of club is used - the putter.
Most golf courses are about 5.5 kilometers long. It usually takes three to four hours to play 18 holes. Players move around the field on foot or in electric cars. Golfers compete alone, in pairs or in groups. Sometimes they are accompanied by caddies - assistants who carry equipment and can give advice to players.
Rules of golf
The main principle of the game of golf is: "Play the ball as it lies, play the course as it is, if neither one nor the other is possible, do what is fair."
The game of golf is governed by a fairly large number of rules, but, again, unlike most other sports, it does not require the presence of a judge or referee (unless, of course, it is an official tournament). Players must know the rules themselves, be honest about the number of strokes and “play the ball as it falls.”
An important component of the game of golf is etiquette - a carefully guarded tradition that has not undergone virtually any changes throughout the history of the game. First of all, these are good manners, respectful attitude towards partners and opponents, maintaining order in the fields.
Golf Score
In the major games of golf, the score is calculated from the number of strokes a player makes plus any penalty that may be imposed on him. If you complete 18 holes in 90 strokes and your opponent completes 92, you win.
The system for scoring and assessing the level of golfers is based on a pair. Par is a predetermined number of strokes in which a high-level golfer must complete one hole or the entire course if he plays well.
The par for each hole is determined based on its length and difficulty. A standard par-3 hole is less than 250 yards (225 meters) long, a par-4 is a hole from 251 to 475 yards (225 - 434 meters), and a par-5 is over 475 yards. Par-6 and par-7 holes are rare but found mostly in the USA. Their length can exceed 650 yards (595 meters). The degree of slope can also affect the steam level of a hole. If the path from the tee to the green goes down, the par may be lower than the length of the hole suggests; if it goes up, then vice versa. Par can also be affected by the placement of obstacles and the shape of the green.
A golf course par is the sum of the pars for each hole. Typically the course has a par of 70 to 72 strokes, but most golfers rarely achieve this figure. The most common on golf courses is a combination of four par-3 holes, ten par-4 holes and four par-5 holes. Other combinations also exist, but they are less common.
If you complete a par-4 hole in five strokes, your score will be +1. In golf this is called "gods". If you manage, for example, to overcome a par-5 hole in four strokes, you will receive a “-1” or “birdie”. If a player hits the hole with his first tee shot, this is called a hole-in-one or an ace.
Golf Score Terminology:
Basic types of golf
There are two main types of golf - a counting game, in which the number of strokes on the entire field performed by each player is counted, and a match game, when the confrontation on a single hole of players or teams is considered as an independent match, and the score is kept depending on the victories won. holes.
In stroke play, a score is kept for each player on each hole. The scores for each hole are added up to form the overall tournament or round score (the round scores are also added up to form the overall tournament score). The player who spends the fewest hits is the winner. It is according to this scheme that most professional tournaments are held.
In match play, golfers or teams play a mini-match on each hole. The player or team using the fewest strokes on a hole wins that hole. In this case, the score relative to steam does not matter. In this case, you do not play against the field, as in a score game, but directly against your opponent. If you complete the hole in four strokes and your opponent completes it in five, you win the hole and lead the match 1:0. If your opponent wins the next hole, the score is equal - all-square. If both players complete the hole in the same number of strokes, the hole is "split" and the total score remains the same. If a player wins more holes than are left on the course, he is declared the winner and the match ends.
There are also such types of games as stableford, designed to speed up the game (points are awarded to the player depending on the number of strokes on each hole), skins (players compete on each individual hole for money or for a bet), force (a team game in which a couple a couple plays with one ball and the partners themselves decide who will make the next shot), fourballs (a pair also plays against a pair, but each golfer has his own ball, and all four play the hole at the same time; the result of the participant who uses the fewest number of strokes counts towards the match ).
The men have written their names into the new history of Olympic golf and now it’s the women’s turn. It’s interesting that the last time men competed was in 1904, but the women’s Olympic gold medal was won 4 years earlier. At the Olympics in Paris in 1900. Then the American Margaret Abbott became the Olympic champion.
As in the men's tournament, the first shot on Wednesday will be made by the representative of Brazil. This will be Miriam Nagl. Joining her in the first group will be Irishwoman Leona Maguire and Kelly Tan from Malaysia.
I think it will be quite interesting to watch the group on Thursday and Friday, which will begin their Olympic game at 11:09. New Zealander Lydia Ko, Swede Anna Nordqvist and Charlie Hull from Great Britain will meet here. How I would like to draw an analogy between the Anglo-Swedish confrontation in the men's tournament and this pair. However, I am almost sure that Lydia Ko will not let Anna and Charlie single-handedly fight for victory.
All of us, of course, are interested in the starting time and rivals of our Maria Verchenova, but more on that a little later.
A little earlier than this group (namely at 9:14) there will be no less interesting company - the third number in the world ranking Canadian Brooke Henderson, two-time major winner Suzann Pettersen from Norway and the 4th number in the ranking American Lexi Thompson Thompson).
It is interesting that, unlike the men's Olympic tournament, there was room for three amateurs in the women's tournament. This is the already mentioned McGuire, Tiffany Chan from Hong Kong and Albane Valenzuela from Switzerland.
Our first ever Olympic golfer Maria Verchenova will start on Wednesday at 9:36 am in the company of Spaniard Carlota Gigande and Indian prodigy Aditi Ashok.
I had the opportunity to closely watch this young talent play at the European Women's Championship last year. She was then invited to the European tournament and was in first place before the final day. In the final, unfortunately, she lost to the Spaniard. Immediately after this championship, Aditi turned pro and was able to gain enough points in the ranking to qualify for the Olympics in just six months. The rise is as rapid as it is unnoticed by the general public. But in vain! I highly recommend taking a closer look at this talented representative of India.
The full schedule for Wednesday can be viewed.
Read also:
Squash
Squash is a singles or doubles game with two rackets on a court surrounded on four sides by walls, and the ball is one and a half times smaller and softer than in tennis. According to legend, it appeared in the mid-19th century at London's Harrow School, when students, waiting in line for a busy racquet court, began to play with a softer ball on the court formed by the four walls of buildings. The International Squash Federation (WSF) has been fighting for ten years to include this worldwide popular sport in the Olympic program. It should be noted that in recent years a lot has been done to increase the entertainment value of this sport. In particular, glazed and illuminated courts were created that are convenient for spectators, the game is accompanied by music, and the referees make full use of video replays and the HawkEye system to resolve controversial issues in the game. However, in September, at the 125th session of the IOC, squash missed its chance to get to the Olympics, losing in the voting to a fight that had recently been excluded from the list of Olympic sports for some reason.
Bandy
Bandy, also known as “Russian”, will be one of the so-called exhibition disciplines at the long-awaited Olympics in Sochi. According to the practice that has developed over the past 100 years, the International Olympic Committee allows each country hosting the competition to introduce one or two additional events, usually traditional or extremely popular among the local population. For prizes in such events, they give slightly smaller medals, which do not count towards the overall standings. Demonstration events may well develop into full-fledged ones, as happened, for example, with taekwondo, which was first demonstrated at the Olympics in Seoul in 1988, and was already included in the program in 2000 in Sydney. It is doubtful, however, that bandy will remain at the Winter Olympics after Sochi - primarily due to its low prevalence: only 14 teams compete for the title of world champions, with Russia or Sweden certainly winning.
In its rules, this sport is more reminiscent of football: two halves of 45 minutes, 11 players, a football-sized field, only with ice, offside, penalty kicks and corner kicks. Which, however, is not surprising, since this sport, despite its name, took shape in Great Britain at the end of the century before last.
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SPORTS GAME GOLF | GOLF AS A SPORT
HISTORY OF GOLF VIDEO ABOUT GOLF Now no one in the world can say when the sports game Golf appeared. There is no exact information about the appearance of this game. The most likely predecessor of golf was the Danish game kolf, which was first mentioned in the late 13th century and is depicted in many Danish landscapes of the time. However, the game really developed in Scotland.
GOLF RULES ETIQUETTE IN GOLF. VIDEO Of course, within the framework of one article, we will not be able to tell you about all the rules in golf, especially since there are many of them (34 articles) and they are quite complex. In this article, we will talk about the main excerpts to the rules of golf. Etiquette is part of the traditions in golf. Etiquette is just as important for playing safely.
GOLF RECORDS THE BEST IN GOLF. The VIDEO article shows the most interesting and outstanding results and achievements in golf. A video about golf will complement the overall impression of the game. The highest golf course in the world is Tuctu Golf Club in Moro Cocha, Peru, the lowest point on the course is 4372 meters above sea level.
CLUB FOR GOLFAVID CLUBS. VIDEOS of the 30s. Players used so many clubs that caddies suffered under the weight of 25 clubs, which they had to carry in huge bags. It was then that Royal and Ancient and the United States Golf Association came to an agreement on a maximum of 14 clubs. At the beginning of their career, beginners are advised to purchase half the set.
GOLF BALL VARIETIES OF GOLF BALLS Of course, the pioneers of golf would have been suspicious of the modern dimpled ball. However, just as golf courses, clubs and rules have improved over the years, the ball has changed beyond recognition from what was previously used in the game. Throughout the history of the development of the game of golf, there have been 3 types of balls.
CLOTHING FOR GOLF DRESS CODE IN GOLF. VIDEO Golf clothing should not only be beautiful, it is more important that it be comfortable and functional. There are no specific rules on the course regarding golfers' uniforms, although most private and country clubs have certain standards. Typically, tracksuits, jeans made of rough fabric, shirts without collars, etc. are prohibited for men.
GOLF EQUIPMENT RULES AND FEATURES The list of items included in a golfer's equipment is becoming longer and longer as new products come to the market - some of them are quite useful, while others you can do without. When you're just starting out in your career, you should only buy what you really need or what will be useful to you.
FAMOUS GOLF PLAYERS Over the past 100 years, major international golf championships have featured many outstanding players worthy of induction into the hall of fame. It is difficult to compare golfers from different eras because individual characteristics and achievements must be taken in the context of time, conditions, competition rules, etc.
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Golf without exemption. The elite sport will be included in the curriculum of thousands of schools in the next 5 years
Why suddenly golf, and not, for example, baseball, and will it be free? A supporter of this initiative is State Duma deputy Svetlana Zhurova. She argues that this is about mini golf, and the equipment does not cost as much as the benefits are great.
Golf will be included in thousands of schools in the next five years. The Russian Olympic Committee has allocated 10 million rubles for these purposes. The money will be used to train teachers and purchase equipment. This was announced by the director of the Russian Golf Association Alexander Kochetkov.
One of the reasons for including an “expensive and not for everyone” sport in the school curriculum is the return of golf to the Olympic disciplines. In the entire history of the Olympics, golf competitions have been held only twice: in 1900 and 1904. After 112 years, he is back in action and will be at the 16th Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro.
The initiators of such a sophistication believe that golf is the only sport, besides chess, where there is physical activity, mental activity and there is no exemption from physical education, which is required in the school schedule twice a week. This lesson will be the third, variable. One of the supporters of the introduction of golf in Russian schools is State Duma deputy Svetlana Zhurova, who last December nominated her candidacy for the post of head of the Russian Golf Association. She says it will largely be miniature golf, and the cost of the equipment is not as great as the benefit it will provide.
Svetlana Zhurova, State Duma deputy: “Any room is enough, the same corridor in which these paths are laid out, where ball traps are placed, and you only need special plastic clubs that are given to children, and they play golf. There are no people exempt from physical education, child with any physical characteristics can easily study in such a physical education lesson, especially since this is a very serious development for intelligence. Now throughout the country physical education teachers can simply take a training course. Our equipment costs about 23 thousand rubles. Therefore, everything is quite affordable. And then This is the choice of the physical education teacher himself, since this is a variable physical education lesson - third, the teacher himself can choose this technique and teach it or not teach it."
According to the Ministry of Education and Science, the golf-based program is closely related to the content of the main part of the subject “Physical Education”, as well as to the content of school courses in biology, physics, history and social studies. It has already been tested in a number of Russian regions, including schools in Moscow and the Moscow region, St. Petersburg, Tomsk, Samara and Novosibirsk regions. If it’s free for schools, then everyone will agree, says People’s Teacher of Russia, Director of Education Center No. 548 Efim Rachevsky.
“Golf is generally an intellectual game; you still have to think and count. I do not exclude that the appearance of golf in school will increase the attraction to physics, because there you need to understand some gravitational things. It will increase the craving for some other subjects, but in no way will it replace traditional physical education. If someone suddenly decided to finance this, schools would be happy, naturally. Traditional physical education lessons will be diluted even by such exotic ones. It won't be worse, I know. And, apparently, this will be beneficial to those who produce equipment for this game, because I am sure that they are not widely sold in the Russian Federation.”
Currently, golf is taught as a third physical education lesson in 158 Russian schools. If you multiply the cost of equipment of 23 thousand rubles by a thousand schools, you get 23 million rubles. 10 million for the Olympic Committee is clearly not enough. But the regional development department of the Russian Golf Association says that equipment for the new item can be purchased with money from patrons or parents who find the sport suitable for their children. In any case, the manufacturers of tracks and clubs will get their money. But whether a generation of world-class golfers will grow up in Russia is an unanswered question. We have been playing football for 100 years, the result is known.
At 7:30 this morning, golf's 112-year pause in the Olympic Games ended. Let us remember that the last time golfers competed for Olympic medals was in 1904 in St. Louis.
Of course, golf has gone through a long path of changes and improvements over the years. And in inventory. And in the design and maintenance of fields. And in the Rules.
By the way, the changes in the Rules are not that drastic. Much of the stuff about hitting the ball, taking a playing stance, and solving problems with obstacles came to the Rio Olympics virtually unchanged from the days of St. Louis. And just as advice was banned in 1904, it is still banned now. Overall, it's surprising how much of the Rule Book has remained unchanged over the years. Of course, if we talk about principles, and not about formulations.
Significant changes to the Rules affected the field. For example, in 1904, the green was the portion of land within 20 yards of the hole, excluding hazards. And the very concept of “obstacle” had a slightly different meaning back then.
In those days, an obstacle was defined as “any banker, water (except accidental), sand, paths, railway tracks, thorny thickets, bushes, ground dug up by rabbits, hedge or ditch. Those. not just a banker or a water hazard, as it is now.
Of course, modern Olympians are unlikely to have to eliminate the influence of railroad tracks. However, around the field there are many areas called "native", which are sandy areas. These places are not bankers in the modern sense, although in 1904 these were barriers of “clean water”.
There are, however, some things that make the game easier for modern Olympians. For example, today, when making a long putt, a player may ask to hold the flag. This was prohibited in 1904! Moreover, if a player's ball was on the green (i.e., within 20 yards of the flag), then he was prohibited from playing until the flag was removed from the hole. A violation was punishable by one penalty stroke.
A complex field (and no one would dare call the field in Rio simple) always implies the possibility that the ball will end up in an unplayable position.
Modern “golf olympians” can choose three options in such a situation (Rule 28): repeat the shot from the previous place, drop the ball along the flag-ball line at any distance behind, or drop the ball within two clubs, no closer to the hole. In 1904 they could only go back along the line from the flag. And it cost them not one penalty (as now), but two! There was, however, one relief - the ball could be placed on the tee. I can imagine what advantages this could give to modern players!
Modern Rules are more severe against those who send their ball out of bounds. Such a player receives a penalty of “loss of stroke and distance.” Those. he must repeat the kick from the previous place and score himself an additional penalty. In St. Louis, the only thing the player lost was distance. He was not entitled to an additional penalty.
In 1904 the situation with playing with the wrong ball was also easier. If a player discovered that he had played someone else's ball, he simply had to return to his own ball and play it. No fine was imposed. For modern players, this costs two penalties.
From the above, one could conclude that in the last Olympics it was much easier for the players. However, let us give an example that refutes this. In Rio, if a player hits a shot from outside the tee, he will receive two penalties and will have to correct his mistake immediately. It seems like too harsh a punishment for a mistake in placing the ball of a few centimeters! However, in St. Louis, the same mistake was punishable by immediate and unconditional disqualification!
These are the differences that have accumulated over the 112 years of waiting for the Olympic golf tournament. The rule that has remained unchanged over the years is that the winner in the counting game is the one who spends the least number of strokes to complete the tournament rounds. And we look forward to stepping onto the Olympic podium after a 112-year break.
Based on materials from randa.org
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